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Yıl:1998; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 1998;6(2):111-118
Antipsikotiklere bağlı diskinezinin ve parkinsonizmin beden bölgelerine dağılımı ve diğer klinik özellikleri
C Atbaşoğlu, MC Akbostancı, A Özden, AK Göğüş, H Özsan, N Mutluer
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, antipsikotiklere bağlı diskinezinin ve parkinsonizmin bedendeki dağılımlarının, diğer klinik özelliklerinin ve birbirleriyle ilişkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Yatarak tedavi görmekte olan, DSM-IV ölçütlerine göre şizofreni ya da bipolar bozukluk tanısı konmuş, en az 3 ay antipsikotik ilaç kullanmış, değerlendirmenin yapıldığı dönemde de antipsikotik kullanmakta olan, fiziksel hastalığı ya da herhangi bir hareket bozukluğuna neden olabilecek başka bir psikiyatrik hastalık hikayesi olmayan ardışık 60 hastadaki diskinezi bulguları AIMS (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) ile, parkinsonizm bulguları UPDRS- ME (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-Motor Examination) ile değerlendirilmiş, bulguların bedendeki dağılımının ayrıntılı dökümü yapılmıştır. AIMS’in toplam puanının, ağız-yüz (AY) alt puanının ve gövde-ekstremite (GE) alt puanının, cinsiyet, birincil psikiyatrik hastalık tanısı ve elektrokonvulsif tedavi hikâyesi ile ilişkileri incelenmiştir. İlaca bağlı parkinsonizmin (IBP) belirti ve bulguları ve ilaca bağlı diskinezi (İBD) ile ilişkisi de tarif edilmiştir. Tardiv diskinezinin (TD) ve klinik olarak anlamlı ilaca bağlı parkinsonizmin (IBP) yaygınlığı araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: (I) AY puanları ile yaş arasında pozitif bir korelasyon bulunmuştur. (2) EKT hikâyesi olan hastaların GE puanları, hiç EKT görmemiş olanlarınkinden anlamlı ölçüde daha yüksektir. (3) IBD ’nin dili tutma sıklığı yüksektir. (4) GE puanları, tanısı şizofreni olanlarda ve erkeklerde daha yüksek olma eğilimindedir. (5) İBP’nin belirtileri arasında, postüral instabilite seyrek değildir. (6) IBP ile IBD, hiçbir vakada karşıt taraflara lateralize olmamaktadır. Tartışma: (I) AY puanlarının yaşla artması literatürle uyumludur. (2) EKT ile GE diskinezisi arasındaki ilişki daha homojen bir örneklemde tekrar araştırılmalıdır. (3) Antipsikotik kullanan hastalarda dilin sık muayenesi, TD’nin öncüsü olabilecek hafif diskinezilerin erken farkedilmesinde kullanışlı ve kısa bir yöntem olarak önerilebilir. (4) GE puanlarının erkeklerde ve şizofreni hastalarında daha yüksek olma eğilimi, literatürde sözü edilen, tardiv diskineziye (TD) yatkın, prognozu daha kötü, TD 'nin daha çok GE bölgesinde ortaya çıktığı bir alt kümenin varlığına bağlı olabilir. (5) Antipsikotik kullanan hastalardaki yürüyüş anormallikleri ve düşmeler, ilaçların başka yan etkileri kadar IBP 'ye de bağlı olabilir.
Topographic distribution and other clinical features of antipsychotic-drug-induced dyskinesia and parkinsonism.
Objective: A detailed description of the topography and other clinical features of dyskinesia and parkinsonism induced by antipsychotic drugs and examination of the relationship between the two. Method: Sixty consecutive inpatients on antipsychotic treatment with DSM-IV diagnoses of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and with an history of antipsychotic drug use for at least 3 months have been examined for dyskinesia and parkinsonism with AIMS and UPDRS-ME, respectively. Those with significant medical or psychiatric conditions likely to cause any movement disorder have been excluded. A detailed description has been made for the findings of both conditions, giving particular emphasis to topographic distribution. The total AIMS score, the orofacial AIMS subscore and the limbtruncal AIMS subscore have been compared for the variables of sex, primary psychiatric diagnosis and history of electroconvulsive treatment. The relationship between drug-induced parkinsonism and drug-induced dyskinesia has been examined. The frequencies of tardive dyskinesia and clinically significant drug-induced parkinsonism have been studied. Results: (I) The orofacial subscores of AIMS are positively correlated with age. (2) Patients with a prior history of electroconvulsive treatment have significantly higher limbtruncal subscores than those who never received this treatment. (3) Involvement of the tongue is strikingly frequent in drug-induced dyskinesia. (4) The limbtruncal subscores tend to be higher in males and in schizophrenic patients. (5) Postural instability is not an uncommon feature of drug-induced parkinsonism. (6) Drug-induced parkinsonism and drug-induced dyskinesia never lateralize to opposite sides. Conclusion: (I) The positive correlation between age and orofacial subscores is in agreement with previous reports. (2) The possible relationship between limbtruncal subscores and history of electroconvulsive treatment must be reexamined in larger samples, better controlled for confounding variables. (3) Frequent examination of the tongue is a useful method for early detection of dyskinesia in patients on antipsychotic medication. (4) The tendency of males and schizophrenics to have higher limbtruncal subscores might be an indication of the presence of a previously defined subgroup of patients who are predisposed to tardive dyskinesia, have a worse prognosis of schizophrenia and tend to exhibit limbtruncal dyskinesia when ajflicted with tardive dyskinesia. (5) Gait abnormalities and falls might be symptoms of drug-induced parkinsonism as well as other side-effects in patients on antipsychotic medication.

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