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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 27; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2016;27(2):143-146
Nöropsikiyatrik Bir Hastalığın Evrimi: PANDAS’tan PANS ve CANS’a
MB Baytunca, T Donuk, S Erermiş
Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir
PANDAS (Streptokok enfeksiyonu ile ilişkili pediatrik otoimmün nöropsikiyatrik hastalıklar) sendromu ergenlik dönemi öncesinde görülen ani başlangıçlı obsesif kompulsif bozukluk belirtileri ve/veya tikler ile ortaya çıkan bir hastalıktır. Bu hastalık Grup A Streptokok (GAS) enfeksiyonuyla birlikte, motor hiperaktivite ve koreiform hareketler gibi nörolojik bulgularla ilişkilidir. Hastalığın gidişatı ani başlangıç haricinde alevlenip sönmelerle gidebilmektedir ve PANDAS sendromu tanımlayıcılarına göre bu nüks ve iyileşmelerle giden gidişat, tetikleyici enfeksiyonlarla ilişkilidir. PANDAS tanısını koymak için Romatizmal Ateş (RA) ve Sydenham Koresi’nin dışlanması gerekmektedir. Sendromun tanımlanmasından sonra klinisyenler PANDAS sınıflaması için gerekli 5 ölçütün tamamını karşılayamayan hastalarla karşılaşmışlardır. GAS enfeksiyonun önemli rolü olduğuna dair kanıt eksikliğini ve yokluğunu gösteren yazın bulguları üzerine, “arada kalmış” PANDAS hastalarını karşılamak için yeni tanımlanmış PANS (Pediatrik Akut başlangıçlı Nöropsikiyatrik Sendrom) ve CANS (Çocukluk çağı Akut Nöropsikiyatrik Sendrom) sınıflandırmaları oluşturulmuştur. PANS ve CANS ani başlangıçlı OKB ve/veya tik bulgularıyla ilişkili psikiyatrik bulguları içermekte fakat herhangi bir enfeksiyon etkeninin, immün disfonksiyonun ya da çevresel tetikleyicilerin tanımlanmasına ihtiyaç duymamaktadırlar. Biz bu yazıda enfeksiyon sonrası ani başlangıçlı kaygı, obsesyon, vokal tik geliştiren bir olgu üzerinden PANS/CANS tanısını tartışmayı amaçladık. PANDAS sınıflama kriterlerinin gelişimini ve “arada kalmış” PANDAS hastalarının hangi tanı başlığında sınıflandırılabileceğini tartıştık.
Evaluation of a Neuropsychiatric Disorder: From PANDAS to PANS and CANS
PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections) syndrome is a disorder seen before adolescence that possesses an abrupt onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and/or tics. Swedo and colleagues defined this disorder in 1998 as a syndrome related to Group A streptoccoccus (GAS) infection with neurological issues, such as motor hyperactivation and choreiform movements. The progress of the disorder may be described as wax-and-waning, apart from abrupt onset, and this relapse and remission course is associated with exacerbating infections, according to the creators of PANDAS syndrome. Ruling out of Rheumatoid Fever and Sydenham’s Chorea was a necessity for making a proper diagnosis. Since the recognition of this syndrome, clinicians encountered many children who could not fulfill all 5 criteria, which must be met for PANDAS diagnosis. In addition, due to literature showing failure and lack of strong evidence of a major role of GAS, the newly-defined categories PANS (Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) and CANS (Childhood Acute Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) were created to encompass those of “almost met” non-PANDAS cases. PANS and CANS include concurrent significant psychiatric symptoms with abrupt onset of OCD symptoms and/or tics but do not require identification of any infection agent, immune dysfunction, or enviromental precipitants. In this paper, we aimed to discuss PANS/ CANS, alterations of PANDAS, and diagnoses in which “almost met” PANDAS patients should be classified on the basis of a case who developed an abrupt onset of anxiety, obsessions, and vocal tics.

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