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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 53; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2016;53(2):144-151
Özgül Öğrenme Bozukluğunun Ayırıcı Tanısında Nöro-Psikometrik Ölçümlerin Kullanımı
S Turan, EE Bakar, G Erden, S Karakaş
Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya
Amaç: Özgül Öğrenme Bozukluğu’nun (ÖÖB) Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) bakımından ayırıcı tanısında yararlanılabilecek bir nöro-psikometrik batarya oluşturmak; ülkemize standardizasyonu yapılmış olan nöropsikolojik testlerden elde edilen puanların Bannatyne kategori puanları ile birlikte kullanılması suretiyle, yazındaki çelişkili bulgulara açıklık getirmek. Yöntem: Örneklem 21 ÖÖB, 45 DEHB, 57 ÖÖB ve DEHB tanısı olan, 45’i kontrol grubunda 168 erkek ilkokul öğrencisinden oluşmuştur. Dışlama ölçütlerini DEHB dışındaki psikiyatrik veya nörolojik eşhastalanım, kesme puanı üstünde kaygı ve/veya depresyon, bilişsel süreçleri etkileyen ilaç kullanımı, görme ve/veya işitme bozukluğu, 85-129 aralığı dışında Zeka Bölümü olmuştur. Psikometrik ölçümler ÖÖB Bataryası ve Wechsler Çocuklar İçin Zeka Ölçeği-Geliştirilmiş Formundan; nöropsikolojik ölçümler Görsel İşitsel Sayı Dizleri Testi B Formu, Sayı Dizisi Öğrenme Testi, Çizgi Yönünü Belirleme Testi ve Mangina Testi’nden elde edilmiştir. Oluşturulan ölçme aracı ÖÖB Bütünleşik Bataryası (ÖÖB-BB) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bulgular: Bannatyne Kategori puanlarının (n=4) nöropsikololojik test puanlarıyla (n=10) birlikte kullanımı suretiyle olguları tanı çiftlerine (ÖÖB/DEHB, ÖÖB+DEHB/DEHB; ÖÖB/ÖÖB+DEHB) sınıflamadaki doğuluk oranları sırasıyla %92,4, %81,4, %71,8 olmuştur. Bu oranlar Bannatyne kategori puanlarının tek başına kullanılmasına oranla genelde daha yüksek olmuştur (sırasıyla, %86,4, %75,5, %73,1). Olguları tanı ve kontrol grubu çiftlerine sınıflamadaki doğruluk oranlarında aynı eğilim görülmüştür. Ancak, bu oranlar, olguları tanı çiftlerine sınıflamadaki doğruluk oranlarından daha yüksek olmuştur. Sonuç: Uygun deney deseni, istatistiksel analiz tekniği ve karıştırıcı etki kontrolu altında yapılan çalışma, zekâya ilişkin yetenekler (Bannatyne kategorileri) ve nöropsikolojik testlerle ölçülen bilişsel özelliklerin (dikkat ve bellek uzamı, öğrenme yeteneği, görsel-mekansal yönlenim ve biliş) bütünleştirildiği ölçme bataryasının ÖÖB’nin ayırıcı tanısında yararlanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
Using Neuropsychometric Measurements in the Differential Diagnosis of Specific Learning Disability
Introduction: The aim of this study was to develop a neuropsychometric battery for the differential diagnosis of specific learning disability (SLD), with specific respect to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to help resolve the conflicting results in the literature by an integrative utilization of scores on both the Bannatyne categories and neuropsychological tests. Methods: The sample included 168 primary school boys who were assigned to SLD (n=21), ADHD (n=45), SLD and ADHD (n=57), and control groups (n=45). The exclusion criteria were a neurological or psychiatric comorbidity other than ADHD, a level of anxiety and/ or depression above the cutoff score, medication affecting cognitive processes, visual and/or auditory disorders, and an intelligence level outside the IQ range of 85–129. Psychometric scores were obtained from the SLD Battery and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for ChildrenRevised in the form of Bannatyne category scores. Neuropsychological scores were from the Visual–Aural Digit Span Test-Form B, Serial Digit Learning Test, Judgment of Line Orientation, and Mangina Test. The battery was called the Integrative Battery of SLD. Results: The correctness of estimation for classifying cases into the diagnostic dyads (SLD/ADHD, SLD/SLD+ADHD, and SLD+ADHD/ ADHD) by an integrative utilization of both the Bannatyne category scores (n=4) and scores from the four neuropsychological tests (n=10) was 92.4%, 81.4%, and 71.8%, respectively. These proportions were generally higher than those obtained using the Bannatyne category scores alone (86.4%, 75.5%, and 73.1%, respectively). The same trend was seen in the classification of children into diagnostic and control groups. However, the proportion of the correctness of estimation was higher than that obtained for the diagnostic dyads. Conclusion: When conducted using appropriately chosen research designs and statistical techniques and if confounding variables are sufficiently controlled, a neuropsychometric battery that includes capacities that relate to intelligence (Bannatyne categories) and those that relate to neurocognitive processes (neuropsychological tests) can be useful in the differential diagnosis of SLD.

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