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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 15; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2004;15(3):236-244
Leprası olan hastalarda ruhsal bozukluklar ve yetiyitimi: Bir gözden geçirme
V Şentürk, A Sağduyu
1998 yılı kayıtlarına göre lepra, halen dünyada 11-16 milyon kişiyi etkileyen yaygın bir hastalıktır. Bugün Türkiye’de kayıtlı 3600 lepra hastası olduğu bildirilmektedir. Yurtdışında yapılan araştırmalar, hastaların ortalama %25’inde fiziksel şekil bozukluğu (deformite) veya sakatlığın bulunduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ülkemizde yapılan araştırmalarda ise %50 ile 90 arasında değişen oranlar elde edilmiştir. Hastalar üzerinde etiketlenmenin getirdiği psikososyal sorunlar hala vardır. Hastalığın oluşturduğu fiziksel şekil bozukluğu ve sosyal etiket, hastada sosyal içe çekilmeye neden olmaktadır. Araştırmalarda hastaların özellikle hastalığın başlangıcında sıkıntı, üzüntü ve umutsuzluk yaşadıkları vurgulanmaktadır. Yerli ve yabancı çalışmalara göre, leprası olan hastalarda ruhsal bozukluk oranı genel nüfusa oranla daha yüksek, diğer kronik hastalıklara benzer orandadır. Ruhsal bozukluğun düzeyi, hastalık süresi ve fiziksel şekil bozukluğu ile orantılı artmaktadır; ancak Türkiye’de yapılan iki çalışma sonucu bunu desteklememektedir. Lepra hastalığı önemli düzeyde yetiyitimine neden olmaktadır. Yayınlar gözden geçirildiğinde, hastalığın neden olduğu ruhsal sorunların araştırıldığı çalışmaların sınırlı sayıda olduğu görülmektedir. Bu yazının amacı kronik bir hastalık olan ve hala halk sağlığı sorunu olarak varlığını sürdüren leprada karşılaşılabilecek ruhsal sorunları ve yetiyitimi düzeyini gözden geçirmektir.
Psychiatric Disorders and Disability among Leprosy Patients; A Review
As a gross estimate, leprosy currently affects 11-16 million patients worldwide There are currently 3600 registered patients in Turkey. The social stigma connected to leprosy makes this disease completely different from others. Even nowadays people affected by leprosy have to leave their village or are socially isolated. The physical deformity ratio is approximately 25% in other countries whereas it is more than half in Turkey. The prevalence of mental disorders among leprosy patients is higher than that among the general population. Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder among leprosy patients. Another important finding is that the long duration of the illness and physical handicaps raise the risk of psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, the results of two studies conducted in Turkey on this subject contradict the results of international studies. Leprosy patients experience functional disabilities that limit their lives and ability to establish relation ships with others both in social and occupational fields. The physical disability rate is high (75%) in Turkey. A review of the literature revealed several papers on the psychosocial aspects of illness but few references to the degree or pattern of psychiatric disorders among leprosy patients. The main purpose of this paper is to review psychiatric disorders and disabilities in leprosy patients and to obtain concrete results.

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