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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 15; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2004;15(3):225-235
Elektrokonvulsif tedavide anestezi yaklaşımı
E Başgül, V Çeliker
Elektrokonvülsif tedavi (EKT) ilaca dirençli depresyon ve diğer bazı psikiyatrik hastalıkların tedavisinde uygulanan güvenli ve etkin bir yöntemdir. Günümüzde, dünyada genel anestezi altında uygulanmaktadır. Bu tedaviyi alacak hastaların, işlemden önce psikiyatri ve anestezi doktoru tarafından birlikte değerlendirilmesi olası yan etkileri azaltırken, işlemin etkinliğini artırır. Anestezi yaklaşımı, genellikle kısa etkili bir barbitürat, örneğin tiyopental ile indüksiyonu izleyen kas gevşetici kullanımını kapsar. Metoheksital tüm dünyada "altın standart" kabul edilen kısa etkili bir barbitürattır ancak ülkemizde bulunmadığı için yerine tiyopental kullanılmaktadır. Süksinilkolin ise uygulamada yeğlenen kısa etkili depolarizan kas gevşeticidir. Güçlü antikonvülzan etkileri, propofol ve benzodiyazepinlerin indüksiyonda kullanımını kısıtlamaktadır. Etomidat ise en uzun konvülsiyon süresi sağlayan indüksiyon ilacıdır. Bu ilaçlar, hastaları konvülsiyonun oluşturabileceği ortopedik yaralanmalardan korur. İşlemin etkinliğini konvülsiyon süresi belirlediğinden, anestezi doktoru süreyi etkileyebilecek faktörlerin bilincinde olmalı, eşlik eden hastalıklara ve kullanılan antidepresanlarla diğer psikotrop ilaçların olası geçimsizliklerine dikkat etmelidir.
Konvülsiyon sırasında sempatik uyarıya bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan hemodinamik yanıt, bradikardi, taşikardi, hipertansiyon ve kafaiçi basınç artışı gibi kardiyovasküler ve serebrovasküler değişikliklere neden olur. Bu yanıtların özellikle her iki sisteme ait sorunları olan hastalarda b-blokör ve benzeri ilaçlarla önlenmesi önem taşımaktadır.

Bu gözden geçirme yazısının amacı, güvenli ve etkin EKT uygulamasında anestezi yaklaşımının irdelenmesidir.

Anaesthesia in Electroconvulsive Therapy
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and efficient procedure performed for the treatment of drug resistant depression and other psychiatric disorders. Nowadays, its administration under general anaesthesia is a worldwide process. Anaesthetic management generally involves a short acting barbiturate such as thiopental in induction followed by a muscle relaxant. Succinylcholine is the drug of choice for muscle relaxation. This approach prevents patients from suffering hazardous orthepaedic injuner due to convusion. The effectiveness of ECT depends on an adequate seizure, and so the anaesthetist should be aware of the factors that influence the duration of seizures as well as concomitant diseases and potential adverse antidepressive drug reactions.
An acute haemodynamic response due to sympathetic discharge in the course of the seizure provokes abrupt cardiovascular and cerebrovascular changes such as bradycardia, tachycardia, hypertension and raised intracranial pressure.

The control of responses by b-blockers and similar agents is especially important in patients with cardiac or intracerebral problems. ECT is applicable in nearly all age groups and even in pregnant subjects.

The aim of this article is to review the aspects of anaesthetic management of safe and effective ECT.

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