Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2003; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Kriz Dergisi; 2003;11(1):5-12
Deprem sonrası görülen ruhsal sorunların saptanması ve tedavisi için geliştirilen bir projeyle ilgili deneyimler
C Kılıç
Başkent Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatrı ABD, Ankara
Bu yazıda 1999 yılında yaşanan Marmara depreminden sonra bölgedeki ruhsal sorunların saptanması ve tedavisini amaçlayan bir proje ta­nıtılmaktadır. Proje depremden hemen sonra psikolog ve psikiyatrların katılımıyla başlamış, once sadece çadırkentlerde, daha sonra ek ola­rak Değırmendere kent merkezinde hizmet veril­meye başlanmıştır Psikiyatrlardan denetim alan psikologlar ağırlıklı olarak depremzedelerın dep­remle ilgili korkularını ve kaçınmalarını hedef al­mış, temelde kognıtıf-davranışçı yaklaşımla ihti­yacı olanlara ücretsiz tedavi verilmiştir. Üç yıl suren projede Değırmendere, Avcılar merkezle­rinde, ayrıca civardaki çadırkent ve prefabrikler­de binlerce kişiye ulaşılmıştır Ayrıca Değırmen­dere merkezi ve İstanbul Avcılar'da yapılan epıdemiyolojık çalışmalarda bölgede her dört kişi­den birinde travma sonrası stres hastalığı sap­tanmıştır Depremden sonra uzun zaman geçse bile ruhsal sorunların azalmadığı anlaşılmak­tadır Depremzedelerın kendi kendilerine yardım edebilmeleri amacıyla bir kitapçık hazırlanmış, yaygın olarak dağıtılmıştır. Tedavi prensipleri ih­tiyaca gore değiştirilerek tek seanslık psikolojik tedaviler gelışetırılmıştır Geliştirilen bu tedavi yaklaşımlarının tumu yuz güldürücü sonuçlar vermektedir Çok yaygın bir topluluğun etkilendi­ği bir felaketten sonra turn nüfusa uygulanabile­cek bu tür tedavi yaklaşımlarının çok önemli bir işlev göreceği düşünülmektedir.
A Project Designed To Identify and Treat Post-Earthquake Psychological Problems: Dabatem Experience
This paper describes a project which aims to examine and treat the psychological problems seen after the 1999 Marmara earthquake The project started immediately after the earthquake with the participation of psychologists and psychiatrists. In the beginning, the project staff provided help free of charge for those in the survivor camps. Later, after a center was set up in Degîr-mendere, self-referrals were also accepted. The psychologists, supervised regularly by psychiatrists, targeted survivors' earthquake related fears and avoidances using an approach based on cognitive-behavioural principles. During the three [year]s of the project, thousands of survivors were seen and treated in Degirmendere, Avcilar and in the survivor camps. Two epidemiological surveys conducted in Degirmendere and Avcilar showed that about one in four people in the region has posttraumatic stress disorder. They also showed that the symptoms do not seem to subside in time. A self-help booklet was prepared and distributed to the public which was designed to help the survivor treat his/her own earthquake-related fears. The classical therapy rules were modified to fit the needs of survivors and a single-session cognitive-behavioral treatment was introduced. All these approaches have given promising results. The fact that such treatment approaches can be applied to large masses in a shot time makes them important in a post-disaster situation.

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