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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 21; Sayı: 1-3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Kriz Dergisi; 2013;21(1-3):11-24
Evden uzakta olmak: Sığınmacıların/mültecilerin psikolojik sorunları ve alınacak önlemler
H Demirbaş, E Bekaroğlu
Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara
Türkiye geçiş özelliğine sahip bir coğrafya olduğu için göç alan bir ülkedir. Türkiye’ye göç eden kişiler sığınmacı ya da mülteci kimliği altında yerleşim yerlerinde veya kamplarda yaşamaktadırlar. Sığınmacıların çoğu ruh sağlıklarını olumsuz olarak etkileyen göç öncesi, göç sırası ve göç sonrası çoklu travmalara maruz kalmaktadır. Sığınmacıların birçoğunda ruhsal bozukluklar olarak bunaltı, depresyon, psikosomatik belirtiler, uyku düzensizliği, dikkat eksikliği, intihar, agorafobi ve travma sonrası stres bozukluğu görüldüğü belirtilmiştir. Yaşanılan ruh sağlığı problemleri, risk etmenleri ve problemlerle baş etme açısından kadınlar, erkekler, çocuklar ve ergenler arasındaki farklılıklar dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de sığınmacı ve mülteci olma, yaşanılan ruhsal bozukluklar, kadın sığınmacılar, erkek sığınmacılar, çocuk ve ergen sığınmacılar ayrı ayrı ele alınmakta, koruyucu ve önleyici müdahaleler ile tedavi yöntemleri belirtilmektedir. Sığınmacıların/mültecilerin değerlendirmesi ve tedavilerinin yapılması önemlidir. Travma mağdurları kliniklere gönderilmeli ve fiziksel sağlığı dahil bütüncül bir tedavi yapılmalıdır. Tedaviden etkin yararlanabilmek için hasta davranışını etkileyen çeşitli durumlara dikkat etmek gerekir. Hasta-doktor iletişimi ve kültürlerarası anlayış gereklidir. Sosyal desteğin önemi atlanmamalı ve sosyal destek çeşitli kaynaklarla sağlanmalıdır.
Being away from home: Psychological problems and preventions of refugees/asylums
Turkey is one of the migration receiving countries which has geographical transition. People who immigrate to Turkey live in residential areas and camps under the identity of “refugee” or “asylum seeker”. Many refugees are exposed to multiple traumas during premigration, migration, and postmigration resettlement. Most of the refugees are reported to experience psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, psychosomatic symptoms, sleep disorder, attention disorder, suicide, agoraphobia, and post traumatic stress disorder. Women, men, children, and adolescents are noticed to have differences in terms of psychological problems, risk factors, and coping mechanisms. In this study, being a “refugee” or “asylum seeker”, experience of psychological disorders, differences between women and men refugees, children and adolescentrefugees are discussed, protective and preventive interventions and treatment methods are reported. Asylum seekers / refugees assessment, and treatment is important. It is important to assess trauma victims’ situation and to do the appropriate treatment. In order to benefit from active treatment one needs to pay attention to the various situations that affect patient behavior. Patient-physician communication and intercultural understanding are required. The importance of social support should not be skipped and social support should be provided through various sources.

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