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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2016;9(1):71-75
Bipolar Bozukluk Genetiği
K Altınbaş
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
Geçtiğimiz yıllarda yapılan klasik epidemiyolojik çalışmalar bipolar bozukluğun kalıtılabilirliğinin yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Yakın geçmişte, moleküler genetik araştırmalar bipolar bozukluk ile ilişkili genom boyu güçlü tekrarlanabilir kanıtlar sağlamıştır. Bu araştırmalarda CACNA1C, ANK3, NCAN ve ODZ4 gibi hastalıkla ilişkili pek çok gende birçok yaygın polimorfizm bildirilmiştir. Her ne kadar moleküler genetik araştırmaların sağladığı kanıt düzeyleri düşük ve klinik uygulamaya uygulanabilir çözümler sağlamaktan uzak olsa da, klasik kategorik sınıflandırma sisteminin iyileştirilmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Hem bipolar bozukluk hem de şizofreni için ortak yatkınlık genlerinin tanımlanması psikotik ve duygudurum bozukluklarının günümüz sınıflandırılması için halen önemli bir zorlayıcı etkendir. Bu fenotipik karmaşanın yanı sıra, psikiyatrik bozuklukların genotipik karmaşıklığı genetik araştırmaların diğer bir kısıtlayıcısıdır. Yine de, bipolar bozuklukta farmakogenetik, epigenetik, kök hücre çalışmaları ve bütünleştirici araştırma yöntemleri, hastalığın altta yatan biyolojisini açığa çıkarmaya yönelik heyecanı canlı tutacaktır.
Genetics of Bipolar Disorders
Classical genetic epidemiology studies indicated the high heritability of bipolar disorder in the past decades. More recently, molecular genetic studies provided strong replicable genomewide significant associations with bipolar disorder. Many common polymorphisms at different genes including CACNA1C, ANK3, NCAN and ODZ4 were reported. Even though the level of evidence from molecular genetic research is still low and far from implementing feasible solutions for the clinical practice, it has helped to refine the classic categorical classification system. Discovery of shared candidate genes susceptible for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorders is still an important challange for the recent classification of psychotic and mood disorders. Beside this phenotypic complexity, genotypic complexity of psychiatric disorders is the other strength of genetic research. However, recent researches on pharmacogenomics, epigenetics, stem-cells and integrative study methods in bipolar disorder would keep the enthusiasm alive for unveiling its underlying biology.

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