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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 53; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2016;53(1):60-63
Kriptojenik İnmede Patent Foramen Ovalenin Rolü
S Şenadım, D Bozkurt, M Çabalar, A Bajrami, V Yayla
Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul
Amaç: İskemik inmelerin yaklaşık üçte birinde etyolojik sebep bulunamamakta ve bunlar kriptojenik inme olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Patent foramen ovaleye (PFO) bağlı paradoksal emboli bu hastalarda %40-50 oranında tespit edilmektedir. Son zamanlarda, PFO tüm yaş gruplarında bir risk faktörü olarak bildirilmektedir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, kliniğimizde 2011-2013 yıllarında takip edilen 1080 iskemik inme hastası retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Yaş, cinsiyet, risk faktörleri, hemogram, biyokimya, vaskülit ve hiperkoagülobilite testleri, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, manyetik rezonans anjiyografi, transtorasik ekokardiyografi ve transözofajial ekokardiyografi (TEE) bulguları ve tedavi yaklaşımları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların yaşları 20-60 yıl arasında olup (ortalama=43,09±11,13 yıl), 7’si erkek, 4’ü kadındı. Nörolojik muayenelerinde hemiparezi (n=10), diplopi (n=2), hemianopsi (n=2) ve dizartri (n=2) mevcuttu. Özgeçmişlerinde hipertansiyon (n=3), astım (n=1), derin ven trombozu (n=1) ve sigara (n=4) vardı. Difüzyon ağırlıklı görüntülemede orta serebral arter (n=8) ve posterior serebral arter (n=3) infarktı görüldü. Bir hastada semptomatik ciddi karotis darlığı tespit edildi. Sekiz hastada, TEE’de başka anormallik olmaksızın PFO mevcutken, 2 olguda, atriyal septal anevrizma ve 1 olguda ise PFO, ventriküler hipokinezi ve pulmoner arteriyel hipertansiyon ile birlikteydi. Dokuz hastaya antiplatelet tedavi, 2 hastaya perkütan PFO kapatma işlemi uygulandı. İki yıllık takiplerinde, tekrarlayan iskemik inme gerçekleşmedi. Sonuç: PFO, özellikle genç hastalarda kriptojenik inmenin etiyolojisinde göz ardı edilmemelidir. Bu çalışmada tüm yaş gruplarında nedeni bilinmeyen iskemik inme hastalarında potansiyel kardiyoembolik nedenlerin belirlenmesinde TEE’nin önemini vurgulamak ve ayrıca PFO’nun tartışmalı tedavi seçeneklerinden söz etmek istedik.
The Role of Patent Foramen Ovale in Cryptogenic Stroke
Introduction: Almost one-third of ischemic strokes has an unknown etiology and are classified as cryptogenic stroke. Paradoxical embolism because of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is detected in 40%-50% of these patients. Recently, PFO has been reported as a risk factor for patients of all age groups. Methods: In this study, 1080 ischemic stroke patients admitted to our clinic (2011-2013) were retrospectively evaluated. Age, sex, risk factors, complete blood count, vasculitis, biochemical and hypercoagulability tests, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, transthoracic echocardiography, transeosophageal echocardiography (TEE) findings, and therapeutic approaches were evaluated. Results: The age range of the participants (seven male and four female patients) was 20-60 years (mean=43.09±11.13 years). Hemiparesis (n=10), diplopia (n=2), hemianopsia (n=2), and dysarthria (n=2) were the main findings of the urological examinations. Patient medical history revealed hypertension (n=3), asthma (n=1), deep venous thrombosis (n=1), and smoking (n=4). Diffusion-weighted imaging showed middle cerebral artery (n=8) and posterior cerebral artery (n=3) infarctions. In one case, symptomatic severe carotid stenosis was detected. In eight cases, TEE showed PFO without any other abnormalities, but PFO was associated with atrial septal aneurysm in two cases, and in one case it was associated with ventricular hypokinesia and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Antiplatelet therapy was applied to nine patients and percutaneous PFO closure operation to two patients. In a 2-year follow-up, no recurrent ischemic stroke was recorded. Conclusion: PFO, especially in terms of the etiology of cryptogenic stroke in young patients, should not be underestimated. We want to emphasize the importance of TEE in identifying potential cardioembolic sources not only in young but also in all ischemic stroke patients with unknown etiology; we also discuss the controversial management options of PFO.

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