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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 53; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2016;53(1):31-34
A Grubu Beta Hemolitik Streptokok Enfeksiyonunun Tetiklediği Çocukluk Çağı Otoimmun Nöropsikiyatrik Bozukluklar İle İlişkili Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk Hastalarında D Vitamin Eksikliği: Vaka-Kontrol Çalışması
G Çelik, D Taş, A Tahiroğlu, A Avcı, B Yüksel, P Çam
Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana
Amaç: Psikiyatrik hastalıklar arasında özellikle otizm, şizofreni gibi Nöropsikiyatrik bozukluklarda D vitamin eksikliğinin yaygın olduğu bildirilmektedir. D vitamini, kemik metabolizması üzerine iyi bilinen etkilerinin yanında önemli bir nörosteroid hormon ve immunmodulator bir ajandır. A Grubu Beta Hemolitik Streptokok Enfeksiyonunun tetiklediği çocukluk çağı otoimmun ilişkili Nöropsikiyatrik bozukluklar (PANDAS) a ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, PANDAS olan Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk hastaları ve kontrol grubu arasında serum D vitamini düzeylerinin karşılaştırılmasını amaçladık. Yöntem: Otuz üç PANDAS-OKB hastası ve yirmi sağlıklı kontrol çalışmada yer aldı. Her iki gruptaki serum 25-(OH) D, kalsiyum, fosfor, Alkalen fosfataz ve parathormon düzeyleri karşılaştırıldı. Serum 25-(OH) D düzeyinin 15 ng/mL altında olması eksiklik olarak tanımlandı. OKB belirtilerinin şiddetini değerlendirmek için Yale Çocukluk Çağı Obsesyon Kompulsiyon Tarama Listesi (ÇY-BOKÖ) ve Klinik Global İzlem Ölçeği (KGİ) kullanıldı. Bulgular: Hasta ve kontrol grubu arasında serum 25-(OH) D düzeyleri açısından anlamlı fark yoktu. Ancak, D vitamin eksikliği, hasta grupta sağlıklı gruba göre daha fazlaydı (%48,5, %20,0; p=0,038). Dahası, D vitamin eksikliği olan PANDAS-OKB hastalarında D vitamin eksikliği olmayan gruba göre Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu eş tanısı sıktı. (%87,5, %52,6; p=0,027). Serum fosfor düzeyi yaş, Alkalen fosfataz ve ASO düzeyleri ile negatif korelasyon göstermekteyken ÇY-BOKÖ toplam puanı ve genel ciddiyet puanı (CGI) ile pozitif korelasyon göstermekteydi. Serum parathormon düzeyleri Y-BOCS toplam puanı, kompulsiyon puanı, obsesyon puanı ve genel ciddiyet puanı ile pozitif korelasyon göstermekteydi. Sonuç: Bu çalışma D vitamini metabolizması ve PANDAS-OKB ilişkisi hipotezini desteklemektedir. Kemik metabolik hastalıklarını ön gören biyokimyasal parametrelerin PANDAS hastalarında yaygın olabileceğini belirtmekteyiz. Otoimmun mekanizmalara dayalı kemik metabolik döngüsü ve PANDAS ilişkisini belirgin olarak gösterecek prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Patients with Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections: A Case Control Study
Introduction: Previous studies have indicated that vitamin D deficiency is common in psychiatric patients, particularly in those with neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Vitamin D is an important neurosteroid hormone and immunomodulatory agent that also has bone metabolic effects. There has been an increasing interest in immune-related neuropsychiatric symptoms that are triggered by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections. In this study, we aimed to compare the serum levels of vitamin D between obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) and control subjects Methods: Thirty-three OCD patients with PANDAS and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH) D), calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and parathormone levels of the two groups were compared. Serum 25- (OH) D levels of <15 ng/mL were classified as vitamin D deficiency. The children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) were used to assess the severity of OCD symptoms. Results: There was no significant difference in serum 25-(OH) D levels between the patient and control groups. However, vitamin D deficiency was significantly more frequent in the patient group than in the control group (48.5% vs. 20.0%; p=0.038). Moreover, OCD patients with vitamin D deficiency had higher rates of comorbid ADHD than those without vitamin D deficiency (87.5% vs. 52.6%; p=0.027). While serum phosphorus levels were negatively correlated with age as well as alkaline phosphatase and ASO levels, they were positively correlated with the YBOCS total score and global severity score. Serum parathormone levels were positively correlated with the YBOCS total score, compulsion score, obsession score, and global severity score. Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that an association between vitamin D metabolism and PANDAS-related OCD exists. We suggest that biochemical parameters predicting metabolic bone diseases are more common in PANDAS patients. There is a need for prospective studies to show a clear association between PANDAS and bone metabolic turnover based on autoimmune mechanisms.

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