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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 53; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2016;53(1):4-10
Şizofreni Tanısı Almış Hastalarda Madde Kullanım Yaygınlığı
YT Uludağ, G Güleç
Eskişehir Devlet Hastanesi, Eskişehir
Amaç: Şizofreni hastalarında madde bağımlılığı giderek artan bir klinik sorundur. Şizofreni hastalarında madde kullanımı bozuklukları ek tanısının yaygınlığının saptanması ve bu ek tanının şizofreninin seyri üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi öncelikli bir durumdur. Bu çalışmada şizofreni tanısı almış hastalarda madde kullanım yaygınlığının ve madde kullanan şizofreni hastalarının sosyodemografik özelliklerinin saptanması ile madde kullanımının şizofreni hastalığının klinik özellikleri üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Psikiyatri polikliniğine ardışık olarak başvuran, DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre Şizofreni tanı ölçütlerini karşılayan 100 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Çalışmaya alınan hastalar ile birebir görüşme yapıldı. Madde Kullanım Bozukluğu’nu (MKB)’nu değerlendirmek için DSM-IV’e göre yapılandırılmış SCID-I görüşme formunun MKB bölümü uygulandı. Hastalara ayrıca, sosyodemog-rafik veri ve hastalık öyküsü formu, Kısa Yeti Yitimi Anketi (KYYA),UKU Yan Etki Değerlendirme Ölçeği (UKU-YEDÖ), İç görü Değerlendirme Ölçeği (İDÖ), Alkol Kullanım Bozuklukları Tanıma Testi(AKBTT), Fagerström Nikotin Bağımlılığı Testi (FNBT), İşlevselliğin Genel Değerlendirilmesi Ölçeği (İGD), Pozitif Belirtileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği (PBDÖ), Negatif Belirtileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği (NBDÖ), Calgary Depresyon Ölçeği (CDÖ) uygulandı. Bulgular: Alkol-madde kullanan şizofreni hastaları grubunda, alkol madde kullanmayan şizofreni hasta grubuna göre erkek cinsiyet oranı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha fazlaydı. Alkol-madde kullanan şizofreni hastalarında, alkol-madde kullanmayan şizofreni hastalarına göre, ilaç yan etkisi daha fazla, yeti yitimi daha fazla, işlevsellikleri daha kötü, hastanede toplam yatış süreleri daha uzun ve bu hasta grubunun psikopatoloji düzeyleri daha yüksekti. Şizofreni hastalarında en sık tercih edilen maddeler sırasıyla, nikotin, alkol, biperiden, esrar ve uçucu madde olarak saptandı. Sonuç: Ülkemizde şizofreni tanılı hastalardaki alkol-madde kullanım yaygınlığına yönelik çalışmaların azlığı nedeni ile çalışmamızın konu ile ilgili literatüre katkısı olacağını düşünüyoruz. Daha büyük örneklem grubu, ilk atak hasta grubu ve uzun süreli takip çalışmaları ile konunun araştırılmasının, alkol-madde kullanımının, şizofreni hastalığının kliniği ve gidişi üzerindeki etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.
Prevalence of Substance Use in Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia
Introduction: Substance abuse among schizophrenic patients is a growing clinical concern. Substance use disorders and their effects on the course of chizophrenia have made the identification and treatment of schizophrenic patients a high priority. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of substance use, preferred types of substances, sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of schizophrenia, and substance use impact in schizophrenic patients. Methods: Hundred patients who were consecutively admitted to the psychiatry clinic and were diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV criteria were enrolled in this study. Individual interviews were conducted during the patients. In order to evaluate substance abuse disorder (SAD) as per DSM-IV criteria, the substance use disorder section of the structured clinical interview for DSM disordersII (SCID-II) form was used. In addition, the following were applied to schizophren-ic patients: sociodemographic data form, medical history form, Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ), UKU Side Effect Rating Scale (UKUSERS), Insight Rating Scale (IRS), Alcohol Use Dis-ordersIdentification Test (AUDIT), Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test (FNDT), Global As-sessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and Calgary Depression Scale (CDS). Results: shizophrenia and alcohol and drug use were more common in males, and younger age was found to have no association with substance use. Unemployment, low education levels, rural survival rates, age at disease onset, the doctor first age of the applicant, the first inpatient years, legal issues, harm caused by others and suicidal behavior, SAPS, SANS, CDS received from their scores significant difference was detected. Schizophrenic patients with substance use had higher side effects of drugs, disability, and psychopathology sco¬res than schizophrenic patients without substance use. The functioning of schizophrenic pati¬ents with substance use was worse, and the total length of stay was longer. Nicotine, alcohol, biperiden, cannabis, and volatile substances were the preferred materials most commonly used by schizophrenic patients. Conclusion: In our country, limited research has been conducted on the prevalence of substance use in schizophrenic patients. Therefore, we believe that this study will contribute to the literature on the subject. More sample groups and first-episode patients as well as follow-up studies will contribute to a better understanding of the effect of substance use on the clinical course of schizophrenia.

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