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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 54>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2004;19(54):75-89
Likert Tipi Ölçeklere Madde Seçmede Geleneksel Madde Analizi Tekniklerinin Karşılaştırılması
AA Tezbaşaran
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Tutumların ölçülmesi amacıyla, çeşitli konularda iki farklı ölçüte göre beş ayrı Likert tipi tutum ölçeği geliştirme çalışması yapılmıştır. Birinci ölçüt madde seçmeye esas olan madde istatistiklerinin manidarlık düzeylerinin sabit tutulmasıdır. Bu araştırmada manidarlık düzeyi p ≤ 0,01 olarak alınmış ve bu ölçütü karşılayan maddeler seçilmiştir. İkinci ölçüt ise seçilecek madde sayısının sabit tutulmasıdır. Bu araştırmada seçilecek madde sayısı 20 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu iki ölçüte dayalı olarak üç ayrı teknikle madde puanları ve ölçek puanlarına ait istatistikler belirlenmiştir. Ele alınan tekniklerden birincisi madde puanları dizisi ile ölçek puanları dizisi arasında Pearson Momentler Çarpımı korelasyon katsayılarının hesaplanmasıdır. İkinci teknik, hesaplamaya konu olan madde puanları dışta tutularak hesaplanan ölçek puanları ile madde puanları arasındaki Pearson Momentler Çarpımı korelasyon katsayılarının hesaplanmasıdır. Üçüncü teknik, her bir madde için, ölçek puanları ölçüt alınarak belirlenen alt ve üst gruplardaki madde puanları dizilerinin ortalamaları arasındaki farkın manidarlığının belirlenmesidir. Likert Tipi ölçeklerin geliştirilmesi için bu iki ölçüte dayalı olarak üç ayrı teknikle elde edilen ölçekler, güvenirlik katsayıları bakımından incelenmiştir. Güvenirlik katsayıları Cronbach Alpha (a) formülüyle hesaplanmıştır. İkinci ölçüte dayalı olarak daha az sayıda madde ile birinci ölçütle elde edilenlere denk ve yüksek güvenirlik katsayıları elde edilmiş; üç ayrı madde seçme tekniğiyle elde edilen ölçeklerin güvenirlik katsayıları arasında manidar fark bulunmamıştır. Madde istatistiklerinin manidarlığı ölçütüne dayalı olarak, madde-ölçek korelasyonları ile daha çok madde seçilmiş ve bu yolla oluşturulan ölçeklerin güvenirlik katsayıları ile diğer tekniklerle elde edilen ölçeklerin güvenirlik katsayıları arasında manidar fark bulunmamıştır.
A Comparison of Conventional Item Analysis Techniques to Construct Likert Type Scales
In this study two criteria and three techniques related with item selection procedures for construction of Likert Type scales were investigated. One of these criteria was item selection via fixed significance level of item statistics (p = 0.01), and the other criterion was selection via fixed number of item (K = 20 items). Three techniques for item selection procedures were examined under these criteria. The first technique depends on calculation of correlation coefficients between item scores and scale scores. The second technique depends on calculation of correlation coefficients between item scores and scale scores obtained with the related item score excluded. The third technique depends on significance of difference between averages of upper and lower group item scores. Five separate attitude scales were prepared for investigative purposes. Results indicated that using fixed number of item criterion provided equivalent reliability with less amounth of items. Reliability coefficients of obtained scales via three item selection techniques were not significantly different.

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