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Yıl:2005; Cilt: 20; Sayı: 56>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2005;20(56):77-95
Akran Zorbalığı Gruplarından Yalnızlık ve Akademik Başarı ile Sosyometrik Statüye Göre Zorba/Kurban Davranış Türleri
NP Uludağlı, Z Uçanok
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Araştırmanın amacı zorba, kurban, zorba/kurban ve karışmayan olarak tanımlanan akran zorbalığı gruplarını belirlemek ve bu grupları akran reddi, akran kabulü, yalnızlık ve akademik başarı açısından karşılaştırmaktır. Araştırmanın diğer amacı da akran zorbalığı gruplarındaki çocukların sosyometrik konumlarını belirlemek ve bu gruplarda yer alan çocukların hem akran zorbalığına hedef olma hem de akran zorbalığı gösterme davranışının türleri açısından bir farklılık gösterip göstermediklerini incelemektir. Araştırmaya 5. ve 6. sınıfa devam eden 701 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çocuklara "Sosyal Doyum Ölçeği", "Sosyometrik Statü Ölçeği", "Akran Zorbalığı Kurbanlarını Belirleme Ölçeği" ve "Akran Zorbalarını Belirleme Ölçeği" uygulanmıştır. Akran zorbalığı grupları akran reddi, akran kabulü, yalnızlık ve akademik başarı açısından karşılaştırıldığında, zorba/kurban çocukların karışmayan çocuklara göre akranları tarafından hem daha fazla reddedildikleri hem de akademik başarılarının daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca kurban ve zorba/kurban çocukların zorba ve karışmayan çocuklara göre daha yalnız oldukları bulunmuştur. Araştırmaya katılan çocukların sosyometrik statü gruplarına dağılım oranlarına bakıldığında, kurban çocukların, ihmal edilmiş statüye göre daha fazla reddedilmiş statüde, zorba/kurban çocukların tüm diğer sosyometrik statü gruplarına göre reddedilmiş statüde, karışmayan çocukların ise diğer sosyometrik statü gruplarına göre daha fazla popüler ve ortalama statüde yer aldıkları bulunmuştur. Akran zorbalığına hedef olma ve akran zorbalığı gösterme davranışının türleri cinsiyet ve sosyometrik statü açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise reddedilmiş çocukların diğer sosyometrik statü gruplarına göre daha fazla korkutma/sindirme ve açık saldırıya maruz kaldıkları, popüler ve ortalama statüdeki çocuklara göre daha fazla ilişkisel saldırılara, yalnızca popüler çocuklara göre ise daha fazla kişisel eşyalarına saldırıya maruz kaldıkları bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde reddedilmiş çocukların, tüm sosyometrik statü gruplarına göre daha fazla korkutma/sindirme türünden saldırılar uyguladıkları bulunmuştur. Ayrıca kızlar erkeklere göre daha fazla alaya ve ilişkisel saldırılara hedef olduklarını bildirirken, erkekler kızlara göre daha fazla korkutma/sindirme, alay, açık ve ilişkisel saldırı türünde davranışlar sergilediklerini bildirmişlerdir.
Loneliness, Academic Achievement and Types of Bullying Behavior According to Sociometric Status in Bully/Victim Groups
The main purpose of this study was to determine four groups of peer victimization as victim, bully, bully/victim and non-involved and the differences between them were compared according to peer acceptance, peer rejection, loneliness, and academic achievement. An additional aim of the present research was to investigate the sociometric status of these groups and compare them with regard to types of victimization and bullying behavior and gender. The sample consisted of 701 5th and 6th grade male and female students. "Sociometric Status Scale", "Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Scale", "The Peer Victimization Scale", and "The Peer Bullying Scale" were applied. The peer victimization groups were compared in terms of peer acceptance, peer rejection, loneliness, and academic achievement. This comparison revealed that bully/victim children were more rejected by their peers and also had lower grade than non-involved children, and both victim and bully/victim children were lonelier than bully and non-involved children. Our data have indicated that victim children were located more in rejected status than neglected status, bully/ victim children located more in rejected status than all sociometric status and non-involved children located more in popular and average status than other sociometric status. Types of victimization and bullying were also compared according to sociometric status and gender. Our data indicated that terror and overt victimization is more likely to be experienced by rejected children in comparison to all other children, relational victimization is more likely to be experienced by rejected children in comparison to popular and average children, and also rejected children experienced more attacks on property than the popular children. It was also found that rejected children reported more terror than other children. With respect to gender, teasing and relational victimization were experienced more often by female students, whereas terror, teasing, overt and relational bullying were more reported by male students.

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