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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 21; Sayı: 57>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2006;21(57):109-123
Sağlıklı Yetişkinlerde Okuma ve Fonemik-Harf Akıcılığı Üzerinde Eğitim Düzeyi ve Cinsiyetin Rolü
AG Güven, Ö Cangökçe
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun
Bu araştırma 20–35 yaş arası toplam 150 yetişkin ile, okuma ve fonemik-harf akıcılığında cinsiyet ve eğitim düzeyinin etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Katılımcılar, eğitim düzeylerine göre ilkokul, ortaokul-lise, ve üniversite mezunu olarak üç grup oluşturmuş, her eğitim düzeyi grubunda 25 kadın ve 25 erkek yer almıştır. Okuma akıcılığını değerlendirmek için 150 kelimelik okuma parçası; fonemik-harf akıcılığı için, sözlük taraması sonucunda belirlenen Türkçe’de en sık kullanılan iki harf, K ve S kullanılmıştır. Okuma ve fonemik-harf akıcılığı için eğitim düzeyi ve cinsiyete göre ortalama farklarının anlamlı düzeyde olup olmadığı, eğitim düzeyi için tek yönlü ANOVA, cinsiyet için de bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılarak yapılmış, istatistiksel anlamlılıkların hangi gruplar arasında olduğunu belirlemek için gerektiğinde Tukey-HSD testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, okuma akıcılığında eğitim ve cinsiyete göre, fonemik akıcılıkta eğitim düzeyine göre anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Okuma ve fonemik-harf akıcılığı arasındaki ilişki de çalışılmış, okuma hızı ile üretilen toplam kelime sayısı arasında hem kadınlar hem de erkekler için anlamlı ve negatif ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, eğitim düzeyi ve okuma süresi arasında anlamlı ve negatif, eğitim düzeyi ve toplam
The Role of Education Levels and Gender on Reading and Phonemic (Initial Letter) Fluency in Healthy Adults
Present study is designed to investigate the effects of gender and education level on both reading and phonemic (initial letter) fluency. A total of 150 healthy adults aged between 20-35 years, and grouped in three levels of education (primary school, high school and university graduates) were served as participants. For reading fluency 150 words passage was used. For phonemic fluency, first the most frequently used letters in Turkish were screened from the dictionary. They were letters K and S. Then participants were asked to say as many words as possible in one minute starting with each letter. One-way ANOVA and independent samples-t tests were used for statistical analysis. Significant effects were found for gender and education level in reading fluency task. For phonemic fluency task significant effects were found for education level but no gender effect was found. The level of education was negatively correlated with the reading fluency suggesting that as the year of education increases, the duration for reading 150 words passage decreases. The level of education, on the other hand, was positively correlated with the total number of words produced implying that as the year of education increases, the number of words said in one minute increases as well. The correlation between reading and initial letter fluency was also studied and a significant negative correlation was found for both males and females. As the reading time of 150 words decreases ,the number of total words said in one minute increases, suggesting that good readers may also be good word retrievers.

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