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Yıl:2007; Cilt: 22; Sayı: 59>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2007;22(59):91-118
Yasal Uyuşmazlık Çözümlerinde Süreçsel Adalet Tercih ve Değerlendirmelerinin Türkiye Bağlamında İncelenmesi
CŞ Çukur, C Özbayrak
Muğla Üniversitesi, Muğla
Ağırlıklı bir şekilde Batı ülkelerinde yürütülen erken süreçsel adalet çalışma bulguları, sorgulayıcı adalet modelleriyle karşılaştırıldığında, taraflara daha fazla süreç kontrol tanıyan yüzleşmeci yargılama modellerinin daha adil olarak değerlendirildiği ve daha çok tercih edildiği yönündedir. Son zamanlarda yapılan bazı çalışmalar ise, uzlaşmazlık çözümlerinde yüzleşmeci süreçlerin iddia edilen bu üstünlüğünü tartışmaya açmıştır. Şimdiki iki çalışmanın amacı yasal uzlaşmazlık çözümlerinde süreçsel adalet tercih ve değerlendirmelerini, adalet sistemini sorgulayıcı süreçsel adalet modeline dayanan Türkiye bağlamında incelemektir. Her iki çalışmada da, katılımcılardan farklı senaryolar aracılığıyla değişimlenen anlaşmazlık durumlarında (velayet ve tazminat) kendilerini taraf olarak görmeleri istenmiştir. Sonra, bu anlaşmazlıkların mahkemeye yansıması durumunda katılımcılar, hangi tür mahkeme sürecinde (tekli sorgulayıcı, çiftli sorgulayıcı, eklektik ve yüzleşmeci) davalarının görülmesini istediklerini ve bu süreçler hakkındaki değerlendirmelerini (adillik, avukatların rolü, vb.) belirtmişlerdir. Dava türünden bağımsız olarak; iki çalışmada da eklektik ve yüzleşmeci süreçler, standart sorgulayıcı süreçlere oranla daha çok tercih edilmiştir. Ancak, eklektik ve yüzleşmeci süreç tercihleri 1. çalışma (öğrenci) ile 2. çalışma (öğrenci olmayan grup) arasında farklılık göstermiştir. Ayrıca, ikinci çalışmanın bulguları hiyerarşik ilişkilere inanç ve adalet sistemine güvende ortaya çıkan farklılıkların süreçsel tercihleri etkilediği yönündedir.
Analyses of Procedural Justice Preferences and Judgments for Adjudicative Dispute Resolutions in Turkish Context
Procedural justice research conducted mainly in Western countries, focusing on disputants satisfaction with adversarial and inquisitorial legal procedures, has showed that adversarial trial procedures that give disputants most of the process control (voice) are the most ideal dispute resolution procedures. More recent investigation has challenged the superiority of the adversarial model of dispute resolutions. Present two studies with different samples (university students and non-student group) tested the generality of the procedural justice effects in Turkey where inquisitorial legal systems are used. Participants were asked to indicate their preferences and judgments (fairness, the role of lawyers, vs.) for using alternative procedures (single investigator, double investigator, hybrid and adversarial) to solve hypothetical adjudicated disputes (custody and malpractice). The results of two studies provide clear evidence for desirability of hybrid and adversarial procedures over the standard inquisitorial procedures across disputes. However, preferences for hybrid and adversarial procedures varied across the two studies. Also, differences in power distance beliefs and trust in the justice system have a moderating influence on procedural preferences, suggesting that procedural justice judgment might also affected by social structural factors.

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