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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 23; Sayı: 62>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2008;23(62):1-16
Duygu Durum Değişimlemelerinin Otobiyografik Bellek Üzerindeki Etkileri
N Er, E Hoşrik, H Ergün, M Şerif
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
Bu araştırmanın amacı duygu-durum tutarlılığı ile otobiyografik bellek arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmanın temel sorusu, otobiyografik anı özelliklerinin deney ve kontrol grubu için duygu sevkine bağlı olarak değişip değişmediğidir. Bu soruyu cevaplamaya yönelik 3 deney gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bunlar sadece, duygu-durumu değişimleme yöntemleri açısından birbirinden farklılaşmaktadır. Duygu değişimleme aracı olarak ilk deneyde fotoğraflar, ikinci deneyde müzikler kullanılmıştır. Son deneyde ise, fotoğraflar ve müzikler birlikte kullanılmıştır. Duygu sevkinin etkisi ise, Duygu Durum Sıfat Çiftleri Listesi (DDSÇL; Er, 2006) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Her üç deneyde ilgili materyalin sunumundan hemen önce ve sonra, katılımcılar mevcut duygu durum ve düzeylerini DDSÇL üzerinde işaretlemişlerdir. Ardından kendileri için önemli olan ve akıllarına ilk gelen otobiyografik anılarını yazmışlardır. Sonrasında ise, aktardıkları otobiyografik anılarını Otobiyografik Anı Özellikleri Ölçeği aracılığı ile değerlendirmişlerdir. Bulgular, otobiyografik anıların duygu durum tutarlılığından etkilendiğini göstermiştir. Bu etki kullanılan materyalin bir fonksiyonu olarak değişmiştir. Olumsuz duygu sevki yapılan grup için duygu durum tutarlı otobiyografik anı oranının daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Müzik ve fotoğrafların birlikte kullanıldığı grupta, diğer gruplarla karşılaştırıldığında, olayın geçtiği yer ve spontane kodlama, temas, koku ve duygusal ayrıntılar için otobiyografik bellek puanları daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca sadece müziğin kullanıldığı koşul, sadece fotoğrafların kullanıldığı koşulla kıyaslandığında, daha etkili duygu durum tutarlı anılar yaratmıştır. Dolayısıyla duygu durum tutarlık etkisi duygu sevki yapılan materyale göre değişmiştir. Benzer şekilde olumlu duygu sevki yapılan gruptaki anılarla karşılaştırıldığında, olumsuz duygu sevki yapılan grupta daha çok negatif anılar hatırlanmıştır.
The Effects of Mood State Manipulations on Autobiographical Memory
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mood congruency and autobiographical memory. The research question was whether the characteristics of autobiographical memories vary according to the induced mood and whether these characteristics were different for mood induced participants and the control group participants. Three experimental designs were performed for answering the research questions. These three designs differed from each other on the tools used for mood induction. In the first experiment, photographs were used for inducing mood. In the second experiment, music was used as a tool for mood induction. The last experiment included both photographs and music at the same time for mood induction. The effectiveness of mood induction procedures were evaluated by Mood State Adjective Pairs List (MSAPL; Er, 2006). In each experiment, participants were asked to check the corresponding mood state and their levels on MSAPL before and after the induction. Then they were asked to write down an autobiographical memory which comes to their mind and is important for them. After this, participants evaluated their autobiographical memories on Autobiographical Memory Characteristics Scale (AMCS). According to results, autobiographical memories were found to be effected by mood state congruency. This effect varied as a function of used material. The ratios showed that mood-congruent autobiographical memories had higher rate for negative mood induced group. Autobiographical memory scores for the place of the event, spontaneous encoding of the event, touching, smell and emotional details had higher in the group which were presented with music and photographs at the same time as compared to other groups. In addition, using only music was more effective creating mood-congruent memories as compared to using only photographs. Therefore mood congruency effect seems to change according to the mood induction material. In addition, more negative memories were recalled in negative mood induction group as compared to positive memories in positive mood induction group.

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