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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2015;5(4):314-329
Tedaviye dirençli şizofrenide antipsikotikleri güçlendirme tedavileri ve yeni tedavi yaklaşımları
ŞC Gürel, EA Yağcıoğlu
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Şizofreni hastalarının önemli bir bölümü tipik ve/veya atipik antipsikotiklerle uygulanan tedaviye yanıt vermemektedir. Tedaviye dirençli şizofrenide etkinliği kanıtlanmış olan klozapin ile tedaviye yanıtsızlık veya sadece kısmi yanıt düzeyi de azımsanamayacak derecede yüksek bir orandadır. Bu grupta, farklı tedavilerle uygulanan antipsikotik güçlendirme stratejileri üzerine çok sayıda araştırma olmasına rağmen bulgular çelişkilidir. Bu derlemede dirençli şizofreni hastalarında, özellikle klozapin olmak üzere antipsikotik tedavilere eklenen antipsikotik dışı güçlendirme yöntemlerinin etkinliği ve güvenliği ile ilgili literatür verileri gözden geçirilmiştir. Araştırılmış ek tedaviler antidepresanlar, duygudurum dengeleyiciler, glutamaterjik ilaçlar, omega 3 yağ asitleri gibi diğer ek farmakoterapiler, elektrokonvulzif tedavi (EKT) ve tekrarlayıcı transkraniyal manyetik stimülasyon (rTMS) olarak gruplanmıştır. Tedaviye dirençli şizofreni hastalarında antipsikotik tedavinin güçlendirilmesi ile ilgili en çok kontrollü çalışmanın, bu gözden geçirmenin kapsamında yer alan stratejiler arasında, lamotrijin-klozapin üzerine yürütülmüş olduğu görülmektedir. Güçlendirme stratejileri arasında mirtazapin, glutamaterjik ilaçlar, omega 3 yağ asitleri ve EKT eklenmesi ile ilgili olumlu kanıtlar olsa da bu yöntemlerin ek araştırmalarla incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Mevcut çalışmaların küçük örneklemlerde yürütülmüş olması, klozapine direncin değişken tanımları ve farklı sonlanım ölçütlerinin kullanılması elde edilen verilerin heterojenliğini arttırarak, mevcut literatürün yorumlanmasını ve üzerinde belirgin düzeyde fikir birliği sağlanmış güçlendirme stratejilerinin ortaya çıkışını zorlaştırmaktadır.
Augmentation of antipsychotics and new treatment strategies in treatment resistant schizophrenia
Augmentation of antipsychotics and new treatment strategies in treatment resistant schizophrenia A significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to treatment with typical and/or atypical antipsychotics. Treatment with clozapine, although it is the only treatment option with proven efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, may also frequently yield no response or only partial response. In this group of patients, numerous studies of antipsychotic augmentation strategies have been conducted, however findings are overwhelmingly contradictory. Aim of this review is to qualitatively evaluate non-antipsychotic augmentation strategies in treatment resistant schizophrenia, with special interest on clozapine augmentation. Options of augmentation in treatment resistant schizophrenic patients, excluding antipsychotic combinations, are grouped as antidepressants, mood stabilizers, other additional pharmacotherapies like omega 3 fatty acids, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Within the scope of this review, the greatest quantity of randomized controlled trials has been conducted on lamotrigine-clozapine combination. Some evidence regarding the success of augmentation with mirtazapine, glutamatergic drugs, omega 3 fatty acids and ECT have been obtained, however further clinical investigation is still required. Relevant current clinical studies have limitations including small sample size, variable definitions of clozapine resistance, heterogeneity of outcome measures and methodological designs. These limitations complicate the interpretation of findings and interfere with emergence of augmentation strategies based on marked consensus.

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