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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2015;5(4):305-313
Dünden bugüne şizofrenide çoklu antipsikotik kullanımı ve tedavi sonuçları
BB Akdede
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir
Şizofreni tedavi kılavuzları tedaviye dirençli şizofrenide ilk seçenek olarak klozapini önermektedir. Tedaviye dirençli şizofreni hastalarının %50-70’i klozapine de yanıtsızdır. Klozapine direnç, farklı antipsikotiklerin tedaviye eklenmesine sebep olabilmektedir. Ayrıca klozapini tolere edemeyen, tedaviye dirençli şizofreni hastaları farklı antipsikotik kombinasyonları ile tedavi edilebilmektedir. Klinik kanıt olmamasına rağmen çoklu antipsikotik kullanımı psikiyatride sık yapılan bir uygulamadır. Tüm dünyada zaman geçtikçe çoklu antipsikotik kullanım sıklığının arttığı gözlenmektedir. Çoklu antipsikotik kullanımı hastaneye yatış oranları, hastanede kalış süreleri, artmış yan etkiler ve mortalite oranları ile ilişkilidir. Çoklu antipsikotik kullanımlarının etkinliğine ait çalışmaların sonuçları ise değişkendir. Klozapine farklı antipsikotiklerin eklenmesi ile anlamlı düzelme bildiren çalışmaların çoğu olgu bildirimleri ya da açık uçlu çalışmalardır. Bu makalede klozapine çeşitli antipsikotiklerin eklendiği kontrollü çalışmalar ve meta-analizler ele alınacaktır. Klozapin dışı antipsikotiklerin birlikte kullanımına ait veriler ise çok kısıtlıdır. Bu nedenle farklı antipsikotik ilaç kombinasyonlarının etkinliğinin incelendiği daha ileri çalışmalar gerekmektedir. Bu makalede klinisyeni şizofreni hastalarında çoklu antipsikotik kullanımına iten diğer bazı sebepler yanında çoklu antipsikotik kullanımının nedenleri, klinisyenlerin çoklu antipsikotik kullanımı ile ilgili bilgi ve tutumları da gözden geçirilecektir.
Antipsychotic polypharmacy and treatment outcome in schizophrenia from yesterday to today
Antipsychotic polypharmacy and treatment outcome in schizophrenia from yesterday to today The treatment guidelines for schizophrenia recommend clozapine as the first choice in treatment refractory schizophrenia. Fifty to seventy percent of the patients with treatment refractory schizophrenia have been unresponsive to clozapine, as well. Clozapine resistance might lead to augmentation of different types of antipsychotics to clozapine therapy. Besides, the patients who cannot tolerate clozapine might be treated with different antipsychotic combinations. Antipsychotic polypharmacy has been a common practice in psychiatry despite the lack of clinical evidence. The prevalence of antipsychotic polypharmacy appeared to increase in time across the world. Antipsychotic polypharmacy has been associated with increased hospitalization rates and length of stay, adverse effects and mortality rates. Regarding the efficacy of antipsychotic polypharmacy the studies have revealed inconsistent results. The studies showing significant improvement with augmentation of different antipsychotics to clozapine are mainly case reports or open-labeled studies. In this paper controlled studies and meta-analyses investigating the efficacy of augmentation of antipsychotics to clozapine will be taken into account. The data regarding antipsychotic combinations other than clozapine is so limited. Therefore, further studies investigating efficacy of different antipsychotic combinations are required. In this paper, some other reasons leading the clinician to use antipsychotic polypharmacy in patients with schizophrenia will be discussed and also the reasons for the increase of prevalence in antipsychotic polypharmacy and the attitudes, behavior of the clinicians regarding the antipsychotic polypharmacy will be also reviewed

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