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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2015;5(4):274-287
Tedaviye dirençli şizofreninin toplumsal yönü
AE Danacı, K Balıkçı
Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Manisa
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ)’ye göre şizofreni gelişmiş ülkelerde özürlülüğün ilk 10 nedeninden biridir. Tedaviye dirençli şizofreni (TDŞ) sıklığı literatürdeki 4 çalışmada %5-60 arasında değişmektedir. Şizofreni hastalarının mortalite hızı genel nüfustan iki kat fazladır ve yaşam beklentisi genellikle kişisel ihmal, yoksulluk ve intihar sonucu, genel nüfustan 12-15 yaş kısadır. TDŞ hastalarında hastalığın yükü ciddi komorbidite oranlarının, tedavi maliyetlerinin artması, intihar riskinin yüksekliği, tedavi ile ilişkili olumsuz olayların, yaşam kalitesindeki düşüşlerin varlığı nedeniyle artmaktadır. Diğer ruhsal bozukluklar ile karşılaştırıldığında, TDŞ hastalarında yaşam kalitesinin tedaviye cevap vermeyen major depresif bozukluk hastalarından daha kötü olduğu gösterilmiştir. Depresyon birlikteliğinin şizofrenide azalmış yaşam kalitesi ve intihar riskinin yükselmesiyle ilişkili olduğu literatürde tarif edilmiştir. Ayrıca, depresif belirtileri olan hastalar, nüks nedeniyle, ruh sağlığı hizmetlerini depresif belirtileri olmayan şizofreni hastalarından daha sık kullanmıştır. Şizofreni, bakım verenlerin hayatlarını da fiziksel, psikolojik, duygusal, sosyal ve ekonomik alanda etkiler. Bakım verenler aşırı çalışma, uyku rahatsızlıkları, ekonomik sıkıntılar ve daha az boş zaman gibi sorunlar yaşamaktadırlar. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde (ABD) yapılan çalışmaların derlenmesinden elde edilen verilere göre ABD’ deki TDŞ hastalarının ilaçlarının maliyeti ABD’deki kişi başına düşen ilaç maliyetinin yarısı kadardır ve TDŞ hastalarının her birinin ilaç maliyeti ABD’de kişi başına düşen ilaç maliyetiyle aynıdır. Komorbid madde kullanım bozukluğu da şizofreni hastalarında işlevsellikte bozulma ve klinik yanıtların kötü olmasına yol açmaktadır. TDŞ’de erken tanı ve klinisyenlerle hastaların eğitimi için yeni modeller, sosyal düzenlemeler ve yeni terapötik yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi, TDŞ yükünü azaltmaya yardımcı olacaktır
The social and economic burden of treatment resistant schizophrenia
The social and economic burden of treatment resistant schizophrenia According to The World Health Organization (WHO), schizophrenia is one of the top 10 causes of disability in developed countries. The frequency of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia (TRS) ranges between 5-60% in the 4 studies in literature. The mortality rate of patients with schizophrenia is twice higher than the general population and life expectancy because of personal neglect, poverty, and because of suicide, life expectancy is usually 12-15 years less than the general population. Due to the presence of serious comorbidity rates, high cost of treatment, increase in the suicide risk, adverse events associated with treatment, impairment in quality of life, burden of TRS is increasing. In TRS, quality of life was shown to be worse than major depressive disorder patients not responding to treatment. The comorbidity of depression is associated with increased risk of suicide and decreased quality of life in schizophrenia. In addition, patients with depressive symptoms have used mental health services more frequently than non-depressed patients with schizophrenia because of symptoms due to relapse. Schizophrenia affects the lives of caregivers in physical, psychological, emotional, social and economic areas. Caregivers have problems such as overwork, sleep disorders, economic difficulties and less free time. Antipsychotic drug costs for patients with TRS were half the average per-person costs for all drugs in the United States of America (USA), and for all patients with TRS, they were the same as the average per-person costs for all drugs in the USA. Comorbid substance use disorders in schizophrenia patients lead to impairment in functionality and poor clinical response. In TRS, early diagnosis, new models for the training of clinicians and patients, social arrangements and the development of new therapeutic methods will help to reduce the burden of TRS.

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