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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2015;5(4):265-273
Tedaviye dirençli şizofreni kavramı
Ö Böke
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun
Şizofreninin farmakolojik tedavisindeki gelişmelere rağmen hastalarının 1/3 ü tedaviye olumlu yanıt vermemektedir. İki antipsikotik tedaviye dört altı hafta süreyle 400-600 mg/gün klorpromazin eşdeğer dozunda yanıt alınamama durumu Tedaviye Dirençli Şizofreni (TDŞ) olarak tanımlanmaktadır. TDŞ’nin önemli bir kısmında direnç hastalığın başından beri vardır. Bir kısmında ise başlangıçta direnç yoktur. Hastalık zamanla progresyon gösterir ve zaman içinde antipsikotiklere yanıt vermeme durumu ortaya çıkar. Dopamin aşırı duyarlılık psikozu da TDŞ’nin bir alt türü olabilir. TDŞ hastalarının yaklaşık yarısının dopamin aşırı duyarlılık psikozu olabileceği ileri sürülmüştür. TDŞ tedavisinde üstünlüğü gösterilmiş tek ilaç klozapindir. Ancak klozapin kullanan hastaların yaklaşık yarısı tedaviye yanıt vermemektedir. Klozapin tedavisine yanıt vermeme durumu ise klozapin direnci olarak tanımlanmaktadır. TDŞ’de hastayı değerlendirirken ilk adım her kaynaktan olabildiğince ayrıntılı öykü almaktır. Tanıyı gözden geçirerek şizofreni tanısının geçerli olup olmadığı gözden geçirilmelidir. Özellikle anksiyete bozukluğu ve alkol madde kullanım bozuklukları olmak üzere diğer psikiyatrik hastalıkların komorbiditesi değerlendirilmelidir. TDŞ’de yalancı direncin en önemli nedeni ilaç uyumsuzluğudur. Hem hastalar hem de doktorlar hastaların gerçekte aldıkları ilaçtan daha fazlasını aldıklarını tahmin etmektedirler. İlaç uyumunu artırmak için ilaç optimizasyonu, hasta ve ailesine verilecek psikoeğitim çok önemlidir. İlaç uyumsuzluğunun önündeki engeller hasta ve yakınları ile tartışılmalı, ilaç alımının gözlenmesi dahil olmak üzere hangi önlemlerin alınması gerektiğine birlikte karar verilmelidir.
The concept of treatment resistant schizophrenia
The concept of treatment resistant schizophrenia Despite the advances in pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia, 1/3 of patients do not respond adequately to therapy. Inadequate response to two antipsychotic therapies at doses of 400-600 mg/day chlorpromazine equivalents over 4-6 weeks is known as treatmentresistant schizophrenia (TRS). Treatment resistance presents from the beginning of the disease in a significant part of the patients, while in the remaining part there is no initial resistance. The disease progresses gradually and non-response to antipsychotics emerges over time. Dopamine supersensitivity psychosis may also be a subtype of TRS. It has been suggested that approximately half of patients with TRS may have dopamine supersensitivity. The only drug with demonstrated superiority in the treatment of TRS is clozapine. However, approximately half of the patients using clozapine do not respond to treatment. Failure to respond to clozapine therapy is known as clozapine resistance. The first step in evaluating a patient with TRS is to take a detailed history from all possible sources. The accuracy of the diagnosis of schizophrenia must be reviewed. Comorbidity of other psychiatric diseases, particularly anxiety disorder and alcohol/substance use disorder must be assessed. The most important cause of false resistance in TRS is drug non-compliance. Both patients and physicians estimate that patients take more drugs than they actually do. Drug optimization and psycho-education for patient and family are very important in order to increase drug compliance. The obstacle to drug compliance must be discussed with the patient and relatives, and the decision on what measures need to be taken, including observation of drug intake, must be taken jointly.

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