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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2015;5(3):243-252
Hastalık benzetimi yoluyla hekimi yanıltıcı davranıș: Nasıl saptanmalı, davranılmalı ve raporlanmalı?
ÖD Balaban
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul
Hastalık benzetimi yoluyla hekimi yanıltıcı davranış, kişinin ikincil kazanç sağlamak için bilinçli bir şekilde fiziksel ya da psikolojik belirtiler üretmesi ya da var olanları aşırı abartması olarak tanımlanır. Yanıltıcı davranış, özellikle adli değerlendirmelerde hemen her zaman dışlanmalıdır. Bu yazıda, yanıltıcı davranışı saptamada kullanılan strateji ve kanıtlara, yanıltıcı davranış saptandığında klinisyenin tutumunun nasıl olması gerektiğine ve bu durumu raporlama yollarına odaklanılacaktır. Yanıltıcı davranış deneyimsiz hekimler için kimi zaman karmaşık olabilir. Mümkün olduğunca çok bilgi kaynağına ulaşılarak iddianın kökeni ile ilgili sistematik değerlendirmeler yapmak, makul derecede bir kesinlikte yanıltıcı davranış tanısı koymak için gereklidir. Yanıltıcı davranışı saptamak için bazı değerlendirmelerin farklı kombinasyonlarda kullanılması gerekir: Klinik görüşme ve gözlem, tarama araçları ve kapsamlı değerlendirme araçları. Tek bir veri ya da bulgu ile kesin olarak yanıltıcı davranışı saptayan bir test henüz yoktur. Halen yanıltıcı davranışın tek kesin kanıtı kişinin itirafıdır. Yanıltıcı davranışla ilgili literatür giderek genişlese de bilgilerimiz hala sınırlıdır ve sonuçlar bunun ışığında dikkatlice yazılmalıdır. Klinisyenin yanıltıcı davranışın altında yatan motivasyonu anlamaya çalışması çok önemlidir. Yanıltıcı davranış sergileyen kişiyle kurulan ilişkide etik çerçeveler içinde davranılmalıdır. Yanıltıcı davranıştan şüphelenildiğinde bu durumu destekleyen tüm kanıtlar tıbbi kayıtlara mutlaka geçirilmelidir. Yanıltıcı davranış sergileyen kişi ile ilgili rapor hazırlanırken, klinisyen(ler) bu durumu raporda belirtip belirtmeme kararını her vaka için özel olarak düşünmelidir.
Malingering: How to detect, how to behave and how to report?
Malingering: How to detect, how to behave and how to report? Malingering is defined as the intentional production of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms in order to gain some external incentive. Especially in forensic evaluations, malingering is almost a rule-out. In this paper, the focus is on the proofs and strategies used detecting the malingerer, demeanor of the clinician when malingering is detected and the ways of reporting the case. Malingering can be a complex issue for inexperienced clinicians. A systematic examinations of the provenance of the claim using as many sources of information as possible is necessary to determine the malingering to a reasonable degree of certainty. Malingering is best detected using any combinations of the following: Clinical interview and observation, screening measures and/or more comprehensive measures available for the assessment of malingering. There is no test available that detects malingering with only one measure or data. Because the only certain proof of malingering is the confession of malingerer. Although the research literature on malingering is ever expanding, our knowledge is still limited and conclusions should be drawn cautiously. It is important for the clinician to understand the motivation behind why the individual is choosing to malinger. Clinician’s relationship with the malingerer must be within the ethical framework. When suspected all proofs supporting malingering must be recorded carefully on medical files. While preparing a report about an individual who is malingering, the clinician(s) must make a decision about indicating the malingering on report or not particularly for each case.

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