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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2014;4(3):230-248
Obsesif kompulsif bozuklukta ektanılar ve tedavisi
MM Demet
Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Manisa
Obsesif kompulsif bozuklukta ektanı sıklığı çok yüksek düzeydedir ve ektanı olmasının neredeyse bir kural olduğu düşünülmektedir. Obsesif kompulsif bozuklukta tedaviye direnç ve yanıtsızlık için, çeşitli çalışmalarda işsizlik, yalnız yaşama, OKB şiddeti, cinsel ve dini temalı obsesyonlar, yıkama kompulsiyonları, istifleme, erken başlangıç yaşı, içgörü azlığı, değişime direnme, aile işlevselliğinde bozukluk, bilişsel yapı, tedavi başlangıcındaki yeti yitimi düzeyi çeşitli yordayıcı özellikler olarak belirlenmiştir. Ektanılar da obsesif kompulsif bozukluk için uygulanan güncel tedavilere direnç ve yanıtsızlık için belirlenen etmenler arasında yer almaktadır. Depresyon, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk hastalarında işlevselliğin azalmasında önemli rol oynamakta ve hem farmakolojik hem de psikososyal tedavi sonuçlarını olumsuz etkilemektedir. İki uçlu bozukluk ektanısı OKB tedavisinde kullanılan antidepresanların manik kaymaya neden olabilecek olması nedeni ile önemlidir. Karşı görüşlere rağmen, DSM-5 sınıflandırmasında obsesif kompulsif bozukluk ile birlikte ayrı kategoride sınıflandırılan trilkotilomani, patolojik deri yolma, istifleme bozukluğu ve beden dismorfik bozukluğu tanı değerlendirmesinde mutlak araştırılması gereken durumlardır. Tik bozukluğu ve Tourette sendromu gibi nörogelişimsel bozukluklar OKB’de genetik geçişi akla getiren ektanılardır. OKB ve psikotik süreç ilişkisi günlük uygulamada birçok yönden güçlük yaratmaktadır. OKB’de alkol kullanımının self-medikasyon amaçlı gerçekleştiği düşünülmektedir. Kokain, metamfetamin ve modafinil gibi uyarıcı etkisi bulunan maddelerin ise OKB belirtilerini alevlendirebileceği akılda tutulmalıdır. Bu gözden geçirme yazısında OKB’de görülen ektanıların yaygınlığı, fenomenoloji, klinik seyir ve tedavi sonucu üzerindeki etkileri tartışılacak, tedavi yaklaşımları ele alınacaktır.
Comorbidities and their treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Comorbidity is very prevalent in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is suggested that comorbid conditions are more the rule than the exception in OCD. In OCD, it is reported that unemployment, living alone, severity of OCD symptoms, sexual and religious obsessions, washing compulsions, hoarding, early age of onset, poor insight, resistance to change, functional impairment in family, cognitive style, disability level in onset and comorbidity are among predictive factors for treatment resistance and treatment refractoriness. Comorbid depression appears to play important role in functional impairment and affects negatively outcomes of both pharmacological and psychosocial treatment. Comorbid bipolar disorder is important because of probable manic shift related to antidepressants which are prescribed for OCD treatment. Trichotillomania, pathological skin picking, hoarding and body dysmorphic disorder, which are classified in same group with OCD in DSM-5, have to be explored during diagnostic examination. Neurodevelopmental disorder such as tic disorder and Tourette’s syndrome are comorbid conditions relevant to genetic susceptibility in OCD. Association between OCD and psychotic conditions are made difficult in practice in several manners. It is suggested that OCD patients misuse alcohol for self-medication. Stimulants such as cocaine, methylphenidate and modafinil may exacerbate OCD symptoms. In this review, symptomatology, clinical course, treatment outcome, and promised treatment alternatives were discussed.

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