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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 26; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2015;26(4):249-260
Türkiye'de Eğitim Sürecinde Olan ve Deneyimli Psikoterapistlerin Mesleki Gelişim Süreçleri
FI Bilican, G Soygüt
İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Araştırmada evli kadınların stresle başa çıkma biçimlerinin ve toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine dair tutumlarının evlilik uyumu ve psikolojik belirtiler arasında aracı rolü olup olmadığının incelenmesi amaç- lanmıştır. Yöntem: Çift Uyum Ölçeği, Kısa Semptom Envanteri, Stresle Başa Çıkma Yolları Envanteri, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutumları Ölçeği ile Bilgi Toplama Formu 248 evli kadına uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Analizlere göre evlilik uyumu puanı ile psikolojik belirti dü- zeyi arasında çaresiz (Sobel z = -2,95, p<0,01) ve boyun eğici (Sobel z=-2,47, p<0,001) yaklaşımla stresle baş etme biçimlerinin kısmi aracı rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Amaç: Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’deki terapistlerin mesleki özellikleri incenlemiş, mesleki gelişim süreçlerindeki değişim araştırılmış ve eğitim sürecinde olan ve deneyimli terapistlerin mesleki özellikleri karşılaştı- rılmıştır. Yöntem: Türkiye’de psikoterapi faaliyeti sürdüren eğitim sürecinde olan (N=37) ve deneyimli (N=51) 88 psikoterapist, Araştırma İşbirliği Ağı tarafından geliştirilen ‘Terapistlerin Gelişimi Uluslararası Çalışması-Ortak Özellikler Anketi’ni (Orlinsky &Rønnestad, 2005) doldurmuştur. Bulgular: Katılımcılar, en çok bilişsel kuramsal yönelimi benimsediklerini bildirmişlerdir. Katılımcıların %30’unun, ikiden fazla belirgin kuramsal yönelimi olduğu gözlenmiştir. En çok uygulanan terapi yöntemi bireysel, sonra sırasıyla çift, aile ve grup psikoterapisidir. Süregiden süpervizyon alma oranı %44’tür. Eğitim sürecinde olan terapistler, deneyimli terapistlerle kıyaslandığında, danışanları terapötik ittifakın içine çekmekte, danışanlarla çalışırken doğal hissetmekte, danışanlara anlayış ve ilgilerini iletmekte ve terapist rolü içinde kendilerine güvenmekte daha düşük puan almışlardır. Deneyimli terapistlerin ise daha sık terapötik sözleşmede değişiklik yaptığı ve ailelerle işbirliği gerçekleştirdiği görülmüştür. İyileştirici Katılımdaki varyansın %63’ü Genel Kariyer Gelişimi, Şu Anda Hissedilen Büyüme, hümanist yaklaşımdan etkilenme ve terapi yapılan ortam ile açıklanmıştır. Stresli Katılımdaki varyansın %26’sı alınan resmi süpervizyon süresi ve oturum süresi üzerinde kontrol sahibi olma ile açıklanmıştır. Sonuç: Yurtdışındaki meslektaşlarına kıyasla, psikoterapistler daha çok bilişsel yönelime sahipti ve daha az eklektik idi. Süpervizyon alma oranı daha düşüktü. Deneyimli psikoterapistler eğitim sürecinde olanlar terapistlere göre daha esnek, doğal ve işinde kendine daha çok güvenliydi. Süpervizyon, destekleyici iş ortamı, hümanist kuramsal yönelim ve kariyer gelişimine yatırım yapmak danışanlara iyileştirici bir ortam sunmak için gerekli olan unsurlar olarak ortaya çıktı.
Professional Development Processes of Trainee and Experienced Psychotherapists in Turkey
Objective: This study explored professional characteristics of psychotherapists in Turkey, examined the changes in their professional developmental processes, and compared the professional characteristics of the trainees and experienced therapists. Methods: The participants were 88 psychotherapists, including trainee (N=37) and experienced (N=51) psychotherapists in Turkey. They completed the Development of Psychotherapists International Study-Common Core Questionnaire (DPCCQ), developed by the Collaborative Research Network. Results: The participants identified with the cognitive theoretical orientation most often. 30% of the participants had more than two salient orientations. The most prevalent therapy modality was individual, followed by couples, family, and group psychotherapy. Ongoing supervision rate was 44%. Trainees scored lower on effectiveness in engaging patients in a working alliance, feeling natural while working with patients, effectiveness in communicating their understanding and concern to their patients, and feeling confident in their role as a therapist. Experienced therapists made changes in the therapeutic contract and invited collaboration from families more compared to the trainees. 63% of the variance in Healing Involvement was explained by Overall Career Development, Currently Experienced Growth, being influenced by the humanistic approach, and the impact of the main therapeutic environment; 26% of the variance in Stressful Involvement was explained by the length of official supervision received and having control over the length of therapy sessions. Conclusion: Therapists were more cognitively oriented, less eclectic, and had less supervision compared to their international counterparts. Experienced therapists were more flexible, natural, and confident than the trainees. Supervision, a supportive work environment, the humanistic approach, and investing in career development were essential to providing a healing experience.

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