Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:1993; Cilt: 19; Sayı: >> Özet
TAM METİN
Psikoloji Çalışmaları; 1993;19():5-50
İstanbulluların Zihnindeki İstanbul: İstanbul'un Kognitif İmajının İncelenmesi
N Ayvalıoğlu
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Lynch sınır, semt, yol, kesişme noktası ve yer belirten simge gibi ele?mentleri bireylerin yaşadığı şehrin imajım oluşturmadan kullandığını ileri sür?müştür. Bu kültürlerarası araştırma Lynch'ın hipotezini daha önce yapılan çalış­ malardan farklı bir kültür ortamında, İstanbul şehrinde test etmiştir. İstanbullu deneklerin çizdikleri kognitif haritaların analizinde şehir İstan?bul Boğazı ve Marmara denizi ile sınırlandırdımş olarak algılanmış, kara kesimi ise sınırsız olarak imaj edilmiştir. İstanbul, Beyazıt ve Taksim merkezleri etra?fında yoğunlaşmış iki alt şehircik olarak görülür, şehrin diğer yöreleri ise belir'si zlik içindedir. Gecekondulular, şehirlilerden şehir imajlarında özellikle kogni'tif tarzları olarak farklılık göstermişlerdir. Gecekondulular kırsal kültürlerindeki "adres tarif etme*' yöntemlerindeki kognitif tarzlarını haritalarına yansıtmışlar'dır. Deneklerin çeşitli sosyal özellikleri (eğitim, sık seyahat etme gibi) şehri imaj etmelerinde etkin değişkenlerdir. Veriler Lynch'in hipotezini doğrulamakla beraber sonuçlar çevre imaj prosesinin a) Çevreyi oluşturan elementlerin Özellikleri, b) Algılayan bireyin özellikleri, c) Bireyin kognitif tarzı gibi demetlerin karşılıklı etkileşimi sonucu ortaya çıktığını tartışmıştır. Ayrıca sonuçların Moscovici'nin sosyal temsiller te?orisi bakımından anlamlılığı da tartışılmıştır.

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