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Yıl:1984; Cilt: 14; Sayı: >> Özet
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Psikoloji Çalışmaları; 1984;14():105-182
Positif Sosyal Davranış ve Şehirleşme Arasındaki İlişki: Şehirde Sosyal Hayat Kalitesinin Anlaşılması Bakımından Birbirini Tanımayan İki Fert Arasındaki Yardımlaşmanın İncelenmesi
N Ayvalıoğlu
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Şehir, kasaba ve gecekondu yerleşim çevrelerindeki yardımseverlik davranışının seviyesini mukayese etmek için bir saha çalış­ ması yürütülmüştür. Dört değişik yardım severlik ölçüsü geliştiril?miş ve kullanılmıştır. Bu Ölçüler bozuk para isteğine tepki, bir sur¬ vey araştırmasıda rol alma isteğine tepki, küçük bir kazaya tepki, ve kaybolmuş posta kartına tepkidir. Neticeler genel olarak şehir çev?resinde, kasaba ve gecekondu çevresinden anlamlı seviyede daha az, kasaba ve gecekondu çevrelerinde de eşit seviyede yardımseverlik davranışını göstermiştir. Bu netice gecekonduda yaşayanların psi'kolojik ve sosyal anlamda şehir köylüleri olduğu görüşünü doğrulamaktadır. Ayrıca şehir içinde incelenen çeşitli yerleşim sahala?rında tutarlı ve hatırısayılır seviyede yardımseverlik davranışında farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Bazı şehir yerleşim sahalarında yardım severlik davranışının seviyesi kasaba ve gecekondu çevrelerinde göz'lenen seviyeye yaklaşmıştır. Bu da çevreler arasında davranış bakı­ mından farklılığın şehir/kasaba dikotomisi yerine sosyal-çevresel devamlılık kavramı ile daha iyi açıklanabileceğini göstermiştir. Şe?hiç sosyal davranışını açıklayan input seviyesi hipotezi, tabiî çevrede test edilmiş ve input seviyesinin sadece kadın denekler için anlamlı bir seviyede doğru olduğu gözlenmiştir. bir seviyede doğru olduğu gözlenmiştir. Son olarak, bu araştırmada söz konusu olan çevrelerde yardımseverlik davranışı ile ilgili attitud'lerdeki farklılıklar araştırılmıştır ve şehir davranışının disposionel hipotezi kısmen doğrulanmıştır.
The Relationship between Urbanization and Positive Social Behavior: A Study of Helpfulness between Strangers in Various Type of Urban Environments as an Indication of Quality of Social Life
A field study was carried out in Turkey in order to compare the level of helpfulness in town, cities, and urban squatter settle?ments. Four different naturalistic measures of helpfulness were de?velopted and used: willingness to give change, willingness to coope?rate with an interview, response to a small accident, and response to a lost postcard. The results generally showed significantly less helpfulness in Turkish cities than in towns and urban squatter settle?ments, which showed equivalent levels of helpfulness. This supports the view that the squatters may in a pschological and social sense be «urban villagers». Consistent and considerable differences in helpful ness were also found between other typs of city districts. Some of these districts came close to the towns and squatter settle?ments in their levels of helpfulness, suggesting that drawing distinc?tions between environments in terms of their behavioral characte?ristics is best done with the concept of a social-enviromental conti?nuum rather than an urban-nonurban dichotomy. Also environmental input level as an explanation of urban social behaviour was tested in naturalistic environments, found to influence the level of help?fulness for female subjects but not male subjects. Finally, a survey study was carried out in order to examine differences in attitudes of helpfulness between environements in the question. Dispositional hypothesis of urban social behavior was partly substantiated.

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