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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 52; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2015;52(4):359-366
Yeni Bir Tanı Kategorisi Olarak Süreğen Depresif Bozukluk: Menderes Depresyon Çalışması Sonuçları
S Ildırlı, YB Şair, F Dereboy
Ermenek Devlet Hastanesi, Karaman
Amaç: Süreğen depresif bozukluk (SDB) Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı (DSM) 5’te yer alan yeni bir tanı kategorisi olup, DSM-IV’teki kronik major depresif bozukluk ve distimik bozukluk tanılarını kapsamına almaktadır. Bu çalışmada depresif yakınmaları olan hastaların ne kadarının epizodik karakterli major depresif bozukluk (MDB) ne kadarının SDB tanı ölçütlerini karşıladıklarının kesitsel olarak belirlenmesi, bu hastaların çeşitli sosyodemografik ve klinik değişkenler açısından homojen bir grup oluşturup oluşturmadığının ve major depresyonu olan hastalardan ayrışıp ayrışmadığının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Psikiyatri kliniğinde majör depresyon ve/veya distimi tanısıyla tedavi gören 140 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Hastaların DSM-IV Eksen I tanıları DSM-IV eksen-I bozuklukları için yapılandırılmış klinik görüşme (SCID-I) yoluyla belirlendi. Depresif tablonun klinik şiddeti Hamilton Depresyon Ölçeği yardımıyla, intihar düşünceleri ve girişimleri Eskin İntihar Davranışları Ölçeği ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların %39’unda epizodik gidiş gösteren MDB, %61’inde ise SDB söz konusu olduğu belirlendi. MDB hastalarına göre SDB hasta grubunun yaşlarının daha yüksek (d=0,54), eğitim düzeylerinin daha düşük (d=-0,55) olduğu; daha sık olarak yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu eştanısı aldıkları (OR=3,7), semptomatik olarak daha sık olarak somatik belirtiler, anksiyete, umutsuzluk ve karamsarlık yaşadıkları belirlendi. Ancak süreğen depresif bozukluğu olan hastaların depresif semptom şiddeti ve intihar davranışları açısından homojen bir grup oluşturmadığı belirlendi. Sonuç: Çalışmanın bulguları depresif hastaların çoğunda aslında epizodik değil süreğen bir rahatsızlığın söz konusu olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Kesitsel bakış açısına sahip klinisyen ve araştırmacıların hastaların çoğunda MDB’yi tanıma eğiliminde olmalarına karşılık, uzunlamasına bakış açısına sahip olanların çoğu hastada bozukluğun süreğen olduğunu fark etmelerinde şaşırtıcı bir yan yoktur. DSM-5’te yer alan SDB tanı kategorisi bu iki bakış açısının birleştirilmesi yoluyla depresif bozuklukların doğasını daha iyi anlamamıza ve tedavi sonuçlarını iyileştirmemize katkıda bulunabilecektir.
Persistent Depression as a Novel Diagnostic Category: Results from the Menderes Depression Study
Introduction: Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) introduced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 5 as a novel diagnostic category represents a consolidation of two separate DSM-IV categories, chronic major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymic disorder. The present study aims to investigate the frequency and clinical as well as socio-demographic correlates of PDD in comparison with those of episodic MDD among patients seeking treatment for depressive symptoms. Methods: Participants were 140 depressive out-and in-patients under treatment at the psychiatry clinic of the Adnan Menderes University Research Hospital. Each patient was assessed by means of a structured clinical interview (SCID-I) and relevant psychometric instruments including the Hamilton Depression Inventory and Eskin Suicidal Behavior Inventory. Results: Among the depressive patients, 61% fulfilled the criteria for PDD and 39% for episodic MDD. As compared with patients with episodic MDD, the PDD patients were older (d=.54), lower in educational attainment (d=.55), more likely to have comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (OR=3.7), and more prone to report symptoms of anxiety, hopelessness, pessimism, and somatic complaints. Nevertheless, the PDD patients displayed heterogeneous characteristics with respect to clinical severity and suicidal behavior. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that majority of depressive patients, including those fulfilling the criteria for MDD, have been suffering from a persistent ailment rather than an episodic disorder. Clinicians with a cross-sectional perspective are more likely to diagnose MDD, whereas those with a longitudinal perspective are more likely to identify PDD in the majority of depressive patients. The incorporation of both of these perspectives into DSM-5 in a complementary manner will possibly enhance our insight into depressive disorders and improve our treatment results.

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