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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 52; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2015;52(4):354-358
Epilepsi Hastalarında Sigara, Alkol ve Uyuşturucu Madde Kullanımının Araştırılması
N Yeni, F Tumay, Ö Tonguç, E Azaroğlu, N Bozok
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Bağımlılık, kişinin aleyhine sonuçlara yol açmasına rağmen bağımlılık yapıcı maddenin sürekli kullanımı yada belirli bir davranışın tekrarlanması şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Epilepsi hastalarında psikiyatrik hastalıkların görülme riski artmıştır. Fakat bildiğimiz kadarıyla literatürde epilepsi hastalarında bağımlılık konusunu ele alan veriler yer almamaktadır. Epilepsi hastalarında psikopatolojilere sıkça rastlanılması nedeniyle bu çalışmada epilepsi hastaları ve kontrol grubunda bazı bağımlılık yapıcı maddelerin kullanımını araştıran bir anket uygulandı. Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 18-65 yaşları arasında kliniğimiz epilepsi polikliniğinde takipli 106 epilepsi hastası dahil edildi. Kontrol grubu 96 kişiden oluşmaktaydı. Katılımcılara sigara, alkol, uyuşturu madde kullanımını sorgulayan 20 soruluk bir anket uygulandı. Bulgular: Epilepsi hastalarının %53’ü (n= 57), kontrol grubunun %52’si (n=50) erkeklerden oluşmaktaydı (p=0,062). Ortalama yaş düzeyi epilepsi hastalarında 32,66±12,23, kontrol grubunda 35,70±10,59 olarak hesaplandı (p=0,810). Epilepsi hastalarında ortalama hastalık süresi 14,33±11,26 yıl (1-46) bulundu. Epilepsi hastalarının çoğunluğu (%84) fokal epilepsi nedeniyle takip edilmekteydi. Epilepsi hastalarında alkol kullanımının belirgin bir şekilde daha az olduğu izlendi (p=0,0001). Her iki grup arasında sigara kullanımı (p=0,530) ya da uyuşturucu madde kullanımı (p=0,262) açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı. Yeni başlangıçlı epilepsi hastalarında (5 yıldan az) sigara kullanımı daha uzun süreli epilepsi hastalarına göre daha düşük oranda gözlendi (p=0,031). Sonuç: Son zamanda yapılan çalışmalar epilepsi ve bağımlılık patofizyolojisinde bazı ortak nörokimyasal faktörleri ve ağları işaret etmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada epilepsi hastalarında bazı bağımlılık gruplarının değerlendirilmesini amaçladık. Bu çalışmada her ne kadar sağlıklı kontroller ile epilepsi hastaları arasında alkol kullanımı ve 5 yıldan kısa süreli epilepsi hastalarında daha düşük sigara kullanımı dışında anlamlı farklılıklar saptanamasa da, ileride daha geniş katılımcıların ve homojen epilepsi gruplarının dahil edildiği, nöropsikolojik değerlendirmelerin de yer alacağı çalışmalarda epilepsi ve bağımlılık arasındaki olası ilişkilerin ortaya konabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.
Survey on Smoking, Consuming Alcohol, and Using Illicit Drugs in Patients with Epilepsy
Introduction: Addiction can be defined as the continuous consumption of addictive substances or repetition of certain behaviors despite adverse consequences. Epilepsy is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no published data regarding addictions in patients with epilepsy. Considering the high incidence of psychopathology, we planned a survey using a self-report questionnaire to study some of the addictive behaviors in patients with epilepsy and in control subjects. Methods: Patients from our outpatient epilepsy clinic (n=106) and control subjects (n=96) aged between 18 and 65 years took the 20-question questionnaire that screened for smoking, consuming alcohol, or using other illicit drugs. Results: Fifty-three percent of patients with epilepsy were male (n=57) and in the control group, 52% were male (n=50) (p=.062). The mean age was 32.66±2.23 years for patients with epilepsy and 35.70±0.59 years for the control group (p=.810). Mean duration of epilepsy was found to be 14.33±11.26 (1–46) years. Majority of patients with epilepsy (84%) had focal epilepsy. Alcohol intake was found to be significantly lower in patients with epilepsy (p=.0001). There was no difference regarding smoking (p=.530) or using illicit drugs between the groups (p=.262). Smoking cigarettes was lower in new onset epilepsies (<5 years) compared with epilepsies of longer duration (p=.031). Conclusion: Recent studies connote to some common substrates in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and addiction. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate some addictive behaviors in patients with epilepsy. Although this study did not show significant differences other than low frequency of alcohol use in patients with epilepsy and low rate of smoking in patients with epilepsy duration of <5 year, further studies among homogeneous epilepsy subgroups with larger scale along with their neuropsychological profiles may still be required.

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