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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 26; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2015;26(3):161-171
Şizofreni Hastalarında Belirtilerde ve Bilişsel İşlevlerdeki Değişimin Transkraniyal Manyetik Uyarım ile Ölçülen Kortikal İnhibisyon Parametrelerindeki Değişimle İlişkisi: Sekiz Haftalık Bir İzlem Çalışması
Mİ Yıldız, Ç Temuçin, A Ertuğrul
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Amaç: Transkraniyal manyetik uyarım (TMU) çalışmaları şizofreni hastalarında kortikal inhibisyonda anormallikler olduğunu göstermiştir. Kortikal inhibisyonda antipsikotiklerle olan değişimin psikopatolojide ve bilişsel işlevlerde olan değişim ile ilişkisi ise bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada, yeni bir atipik antipsikotik tedavisine geçilen şizofreni hastalarının psikopatoloji ve bilişsel işlev düzeyinde sekiz haftalık izlemde olu- şan değişimin kortikal inhibisyondaki değişimle ilişkisinin incelenmesi, TMU bulgularının sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 13 hasta ve yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi bakımından eşleştirilmiş 13 sağlıklı kontrol alınmıştır. Hastalara tedavi başında ve sekiz hafta sonra TMU, Pozitif ve Negatif Sendrom Ölçeği (PANSS) ve nörobilişsel test bataryası uygulanmış, kontrol grubu ise bir kez nörobilişsel test bataryası ve TMU ile değerlendirilmiştir. TMU ile ölçülen kortikal inhibisyon parametreleri istirahat motor eşik, kortikal sessiz süre, ipsilateral sessiz süre (İSS), kısa aralıklı intrakortikal inhibisyon (KA-İKİ) ve intrakortikal güçlenmedir (İKG). Bulgular: Tedavi başında ve sonunda kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında hastaların İKG düzeyleri düşük, İSS’leri uzun bulunmuştur. Sekiz haftalık tedaviyle İKG’de azalma, yani kortikal inhibisyonda artma gözlenmiştir. Tedaviyle PANSS genel psikopatoloji alt ölçeği puanında gözlenen azalma İKG’deki azalmayla ilişkili bulunmuştur. KA-İKİ hem kesitsel olarak hem de uzunlamasına incelendiğinde bilişsel test performanslarıyla pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir. Sonuç: Bulgular tedaviyle kortikal inhibisyondaki artışın, belirtilerin şiddetinde azalmayla ve antipsikotik ilaçların etki mekanizmasıyla ilişkili olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
The Relationship of the Change in Symptoms and Cognitive Functions With the Change in Cortical Inhibition Parameters Measured by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation:An Eight-Week Follow-Up Study
Objective: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies show cortical inhibition (CI) abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. However, the relationship between the changes in CI and the changes in psychopathology and cognition caused by antipsychotic treatment is not known. This is an 8 week follow up study which aims to evaluate the relationship of the change in the symptoms and cognitive functions with the change in the CI of the patients, who are switched to new atypical antipsychotic treatment, and to compare the TMS measures of patients with those of controls. Method: Thirteen patients and age, sex, education matched 13 controls were included in the study. Patients were assessed with TMS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and neurocognitive battery at baseline and 8th week, while the control group was evaluated once, with neurocognitive battery and TMS. The CI parameters studied by TMS were resting motor threshold, cortical silent period, ipsilateral silent period (ISP), short interval-intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation. Results: Intracortical facilitation (ICF) was weaker, ISP was longer in patients than the controls both at the baseline and at the end of the eight weeks. Intracortical facilitation decreased with 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment indicating an increase in CI. The decrease in PANSS general psychopathology score was related positively with the decrease in ICF. SICI was related positively with cognitive test performances crosssectionally and longitudinally. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that increase in CI is associated with the improvement in the symptoms and the action of the atypical antipsychotics.

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