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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 52; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2015;52(3):258-262
Fabry Olgularında Elektronöromiyografik Özellikler: Retrospektif Bir Değerlendirme
ÇK Akpınar, H Türker, O Bayrak, N Cengiz
Vezirköprü Devlet Hastanesi, Samsun
Amaç: Fabry hastalığı (FH) X’e bağlı resesif geçen, lizozomal alfa galoktosidaz eksikliği ile seyreden glikosfingolipid Gb3’ün dokularda patolojik birikimi sonucu renal, kardiyak, nörolojik ve cilt semptomlarının geliştiği kalıtsal bir hastalıktır. Çalışmamızda 15 Fabry olgumuzun elektronöromiyografik (ENMG) bulgularını ve 15 sağlıklı kontrol grubunun elektronörografi (ENG) bulgularını restrospektif olarak değerlendirmeyi ve karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Ülkemiz literatüründe benzer bir çalışmaya rastlamadık. Çalışmanın bu manada ulusal literatüre katkı yapacağı kanısındayız. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 13’ü kadın, 2’si erkek 15 Fabry hastası ile 12’si kadın 3’ü erkek 15 sağlıklı kontrol grubu dahil edildi. Fabry hastalarının kesin tanısı, enzim düzeyi ve genetik mutasyonun gösterilmesiyle konuldu. Fabry hastalarına ENMG, sağlıklı kontrol grubuna ENG tetkiki uygulandı. ENMG incelemesi normal olan Fabry olgularında, nöropatik ağrının, ince lif tutulumuna bağlı olarak geliştiği düşünüldü. Bulgular: Fabry olgularında nöropatik ağrı saptandı (LANSS skorlaması 12 ve üzerindeydi). Sekiz olgunun nörolojik bakısı normalken, beş olguda eldiven-çorap hipoestezi, iki olguda derin tendon reflekslerinde azalma vardı. Bir olguda aksonal polinöropati saptanırken, diğer olguların ENMG incelemesi normaldi. Enzim replasman tedavisi bir olguya gebelik nedeniyle verilemedi. Sağlıklı kontrol grubunun nörolojik bakısı normaldi. İki grubun elektronöromiyografi özellikleri arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p>0,05). Diğer çalışmalarda olduğu gibi çalışmamızda da erken dönemdeki olgularda rutin ENMG incelemesi normaldi. Literatürdeki Fabry olgularında görülen nöropatik ağrının ince lif tutulumuna bağlı olarak geliştiği düşünülmektedir. Sonuç: Genç yaşta nöropatik ağrı saptanan olgularda Fabry hastalığı ayırıcı tanıda düşünülmelidir. Bu olgularda erken dönemde ENMG incelemesinin normal olabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır. Böyle olgularda kantitatif duyusal test, otonomik testler (R-R intervali ve sempatif deri yanıtı) ve deri biyopsisi yapılmalıdır. Yapmış olduğumuz retrospektif çalışma ile erişkin ve çocuk Nörologların ilgisini Fabry hastalığı’na çekmeyi amaçladık.
Electroneuromyographic Features in Fabry Disease: A Retrospective Review
Introduction: Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked recessive inherited disorder characterized by lysosomal alpha-galactosidase deficiency. The purpose of our study was to assess and compare the electroneuromyographic (ENMG) findings of 15 patients with Fabry disease and the electroneurographic (ENG) findings of 15 healthy controls. We have not encountered any similar study in the medical literature of our country. Therefore, we believe that our study will contribute to national literature. Methods: Fifteen patients with Fabry disease, 13 females and 2 males and 15 healthy controls, 13 females and 2 males, were included in the study. The definite diagnosis of patients with Fabry disease was made based on the enzyme level and genetic mutation. The patients with Fabry disease were examined with ENMG, while the healthy control group was examined with ENG. In the patients with a normal ENMG examination, neuropathic pain was attributed to the small fiber involvement. Results: Patients with Fabry disease had neuropathic pain (LANSS score?12). While neurological examination was normal in eight patients, glove- and stocking-type hypoesthesia and decreased deep tendon reflexes were observed in five and two patients, respectively. Axonal polyneuropathy was detected in one patient. The ENMG examinations of the other patients were normal. Enzyme replacement therapy could not be initiated in one patient because of pregnancy. The neurological examination of the healthy control group was normal. There was no statistically significant difference between the ENMG features of both groups (p>0.05). As in other studies, a routine ENMG examination was normal in our patients with early-stage Fabry disease. Neuropathic pain, seen in patients with Fabry disease in literature, is thought to be due to small fiber involvement. Conclusion: Fabry disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with neuropathic pain at young ages. It should be kept in mind that ENMG examination can be normal at the early stages. Quantitative sensory test, autonomic tests (R-R interval and sympathetic skin response) and skin biopsy should be performed in such cases. In our country, pediatric physicians work on Fabry disease more than physicians dealing with Fabry disease in adults. Therefore, in this retrospective study, we aimed to draw adult and pediatric neurologists’ attention to Fabry disease.

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