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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Çocuk Psikiyatrisi Özel Dergisi; 2015;1(1):6-11
Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Etiyopatogenezi: Genetik
A Bacanlı
Gaziantep Çocuk Hastanesi, Gaziantep
Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) çocuklarda %5,29 oranında görülen nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Klinik heterojenite gösteren DEHB'nin etiolojisinde genetik, çevresel ve nöronal etkenler rol oynamaktadır. Aile, ikiz ve evlat edinme çalışmalarında yüksek genetik yatkınlık gözlendiği belirtse de, henüz DEHB'nin temelindeki moleküler mekanizmalar yeterince aydınlatılamamıştır. Davranışsal genetik çalışmalarına göre DEHB'nin kalıtabilirliği 0.80 civarındadır. Aday gen çalışmalarında ise birçok sayıda aday gen saptanmış olmasına rağmen etki boyutları küçük bu genler, DEHB'deki fenotipik varyansın az bir kısmını açıklayabilmektedir. Bu sebepten ötürü, son yıllarda DEHB ile ilişkili yatkınlık genlerinin araştırılmasında genom çapı bağlantı çalışmaları ve genom çapı ilişkilendirme çalışmalarının (tek nükleotid polimorfizmi ve kopya sayısı farklılıklarını saptayan) dahil olduğu çok sayıda moleküler genetik çalışması yayınlanmıştır. Ayrıca görüntüleme genetiği ve farmakogenetik gibi endofenotipik yaklaşımların da DEHB etiolojisine ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu yazının temel amacı DEHB'nin genetik boyutu ile ilgili güncel bilgilerin sunulmasıdır.
Etiopathogenesis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Genetics
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 5.29% of children. ADHD presents a heterogeneous clinical expression; and genetic, environmental and neuronal factors are involved in the etiology. Although familial, twin and adoption studies suggest a strong genetiic component; the underlying mechanism for ADHD is poorly understood. Behavioral studies suggest a heritability of approximately 0.80. While candidate gene approches, have identified a range of candidate genes but the effects were small and could explained a small portion of ADHD phenotypic variances. For this reason, in recent years, numerous molecular genetic studies including genome-wide linkage studies, genome-wide association studies (detect single nücleotid polymorphism and copy number variants), have been published to investigate susceptibility genes for ADHD. Also it is thought that endophenotypical approaches such as imaging genetics and pharmacogenetics would enlighten the etiology of ADHD. The main goal of this review is to present latest evidence on genetics of ADHD.

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