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Yıl:2001; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Kriz Dergisi; 2001;9(1):1-12
Depremzede ailelere yönelik koruyucu müdahale çalışması
I Sayıl, S Canat, R Akdur, EÖ Kılıç, R Uslu, HD Özgüven, B Öncü, S Duran, OM Koçak, M Kendi, S Aldemir, S Çelik, D Öztop, A Yalçın, A Yılmaz, S Güney
Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı doğal afetler sonrasında zarar gören aileleri dana sonra ortaya çıkabilecek aile işlevi sorunlarından ve bireylerini psikiyatrik hastalıklardan koruyabilecek ve erken dönemdeki sorunlarını giderebilecek, aile temelli, yapılandırılmış bir müdahale modeli oluşturulması­dır. Yöntem: Bu araştırma prospektif bir müdahale çalışmasıdır. Bolu lli'ndeki ispanyol Çadırkenti'nde yaşayan ve buradan sistematik örneklem ile seçi­len 77 aileye, aile temelli koruyucu bir müdahale çalışması uygulanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden ailelerde yer alan 281 aile bireyi ile ilgili bilgi toplanmıştır. Ruhsal sorunları değerlendirme­de 6-14 yaş grubunda Çocuk Depresyon ölçeği (ÇDÖ), Çocuk Travma Sonrası Stres Reaksiyonu Tepki İndeksi (ÇTSS-RI), Spielberger Çocuklar İçin Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı ölçeği (ÇDSKDÖ) kul­lanılmıştır. 15 yaş üstü grubun değerlendirilmesin­de ise Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Genel Sağ­lık Anketi (GSA), Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği (ÇBASD) ve Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Kısa Tanı Ölçeği (TSSB-KTÖ) kullanıl­mıştır. Bu görüşmeler sırasında işlevlerinde bozukluk saptanan aileler ve herhangi bir psikiyatrik has­talık saptanan bireyler tedaviye alınmışlardır. Bul­gular: Araştırmaya 145*i erkek, 136'sı kadın cinsi­yetinde yaşları 0-82 arasında değişen (ortalama 24.93±17.40) 281 aile bireyi katılmıştır. 6-14 yaş grubundaki bireylerin % 16.7'sinde depresyon, % 18.8' inde ağır, % 52.1'inde orta düzeyde TSSB belirtileri saptanmıştır. 15 yaş ve Üzerindeki bireyle­rin ise % 44.0'ında depresyon, % 36.3*ünde TSSB tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonuçlan büyük felaketler sonrasında kliniğe başvurmayan kişilerde de psikopatoloji oranının yüksek olduğunu göstermesi açısından literatürdeki diğer çalışmalar­la uygunluk içindedir. Bu durum bu tür travmalarla karşılaşan ailelere ruhsal destek sağlamanın koru­yucu psikiyatri açısından önemini ortaya koymakta­dır.
A Preventive Family Intervention for Earthquake Survivors
Objective: The aim of this study is to provide a semi-structured intervention model for families who have experienced Bolu earthquake to prevent family dysfunction and psychiatric problems in family members due to traumatic effects of earth­quake. Method: 77 families from Bolu Spanish tent-city were chosen by random sampling method and were seen in their tents by members of the re­search team, for assessment and family therapy session. Data were collected from 281 individual members of these families. Assessment of children aged between 6-14 was done using Child Depres­sion Inventory (CDI), Children's post-traumatic re­sponse reaction index (CPTS-RI), State-Trait Anx­iety Inventory for Children (STAI-C); adolescents and adults were assessed using: general health questionnaire (GHQ), Beck Depression Inventory (8DI), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Socia! Support (MSPSS) and PTSD brief diagnostic scale (PTSD-BDS). Results: 145 males and 136 females aged between 0-82 (mean: 24.9) who were the members of 77 families were assessed for this study. In 6-14 age group 16.7 % showed depression, 18.8 % severe and 52.1 % moderate levels of PTSD signs as assessed by question­naires. For the adolescent and adult members of the families that were above age 14, depression rate was 44.0 % and PTSD rate was 36.3 %. Conclusions: The results of this study supports previous studies in the literature that have found high levels of psychopathology in survivors of ma­jor disasters even in non-clinical populations. This finding shows the necessity of the development of preventive approaches to maintain the mental health of earthquake survivors.

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