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Yıl:2002; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 2002;10(4):341-350
Akut ve stabil dönemdeki şizofrenili hastalarda depresyon: Pozitif, negatif belirtiler ve içgörü ile ilişkisi
EC Evren, B Evren, M Erkıran, N Alpay
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hast. Hastanesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, şizofrenili hastalarda akut ve stabil dönemlerde depresyonun değerlendirilmesi, pozitif, negatif belirtiler ve içgörüyle ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma kapsamına DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre şizofreni tanısı alan 60 hasta alınmıştır. Olguların yarısını akut dönem içinde olan ve hastanede yatan hastalar; Diğer yarısını ayaktan takip gören ve stabil ve stabil dönemde olan hastalar oluşturmuştur. Hastalara yarı yapılandırılmış sosyodemografik form, Pozitif ve Negatif Sendrom Ölçeği (PANSS), Calgary Şizofrenide Depresyon Ölçeği (CŞDÖ) ve İçgörünün Üç Bileşenini Değerlendirme Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Hastalığın akut dönemindeki olguların %23’ü, stabil dönemindeki olguların ise %20’si CŞDÖ’ne göre depresyon tanısı almıştır. Depresyon tanısı alan stabil dönemdeki olguların İçgörü Ölçeği ortalamaları depresyon tanısı almayanlara göre yüksektir. İki grup arasında CŞDÖ ile ölçülen depresyon toplam değeri ortalaması açısından fark yokken, CŞDÖ maddeleri arasında sadece özkıyımla ilgili olan 8’inci made hastalığın akut dönemindeki olgularda yüksek bulunmuştur. İçgörü toplam değeri ortalaması ve tedaviye karşı (1A, 1B) ve psikotik semptomlara karşı (3A ve 3B) içgörüyü değerlendiren maddelerin stabil dönemdeki olgularda akut dönemdeki olgulara göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Stabil dönemde CŞDÖ ile İçgörü Ölçeği arasında pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur. CŞDÖ puanının bağımlı değişken olarak alındığı çoklu regresyon modelinde, akut dönemde CŞDÖ puanını yordayıcılarının PANSS-Pozitif,PANSS-Negatif ve PANSS-Genel alt ölçek puanları olduğu, stabil dönemde ise sadece İçgörü Ölçeği puanı olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç:Çalışmamızın sonuçları, şizofreninin farklı dönemlerinde ve değişik nedenlere bağlı olarak depresyon durumlarının ortaya çıkabileceği şeklindeki görüş ile uyumludur. Çalışmada yüksek içgörü düzeyinin yüksek depresyon puanı ile ilişkili olduğu, ancak bu ilişkinin içgörünün de yüksek saptandığı stabil dönemde olduğu saptanmıştır. Her ne kadar daha ileri çalışmalarla desteklenmesi gerekli olsa da, çalışmamızda akut dönemde depresif semptomları yordayıcı olarak pozitif, negatif semptomlar ve genel psikopatoloji belirlenirken, stabil dönemde depresif semptomları yordayıcı olarak içgörü belirlenmiştir.

Depression in acute and stable phases of schizophrenia: relationship with positive and negative symptoms and insight
Objective: The aim of this study is to estimate the rates of depression in acute and stable phases of schizophrenic patients and their if relation with positive and negative symptoms and insight. Method: Sixty schizophrenic patients according to DSM-IV criteria included in the study. Half of the patients were in acute phase and inpatient, while the other half were in stable phase and outpatient. Semi-structured socio-demographic form, The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and Schedule for Assessing the Three Components of Insight have been applied to patients. Results: According to Turkish version of CDSS, 23 % of patients in acute phase and 20% of patients in stable phase were diagnosed as depressive. Patients who were diagnosed as depressive in stable period had higher scores of Insight Scale than patients who were not diagnosed as depressive. While there was no difference between two groups in depression scores only scores 8 item of CDSS (on suicide) was higher among patients in acute phase. Total score of Insight Scale and items that estimate the insight to treatment (1A, 1B) and insight to positive symptoms (3A, 3B) was higher among patients in stable period than patients in acute phase. In stable period, positive correlation was found between CDSS and Insight Scale. When CDSS score was taken as dependent variable in Multiple Linear Regression model, in acute phase PANSS-Positive, PANSS- Negative and PANSS-General psychopathology sub scale scores and in stable period only Insight Scale score was found to be the factors to predict the CDSS score. Conclusion: Results are consistent with the notion that depression can be apparent in different phases of schizophrenia with different reasons. In this study high levels of insight was found to be related with higher depression scores in stable phase, but not in acute phase. Although it must be supported by further studies, it is found that in acute phase PANSS positive and negative symptoms and general psychopathology scores, in stable phase, insight scores are predictors of depression in schizophrenia.

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