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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 2004;12(2):133-140
Alkol ve madde kullanım bozukluklarının sosyal anksiyete bozukluğuyla ilişkisi
F Özdemir, MA Ersoy
Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Bornova, İzmir
Sosyal fobi hastalarının %70-80’ine başka psikiyatrik hastalıklar eşlik eder. Sosyal fobi hastaları, alkol doğrudan psiko-farmakolojik etkisiyle sosyal anksiyeteyi azalttığı için; alkolün anksiyeteyi azaltacağını düşündükleri için alkol içebilirler. Alkol bağımlılığı ve anksiyete bozukluklarına ortak bir genetik yatkınlık söz konusu olabileceği gibi, sosyal fobi hastalarında sonradan alkolizme yatkınlık oluşturan nöro-kimyasal değişiklikler de meydana geliyor olabilir. Alkol yoksunluğunun etkisiyle sosyal anksiyete gelişebilir yada anksiyete bozukluklarına eşlik eden depresyon, evde ve işte sorunlar ve kişilik bozuklukları gibi bazı problemlere ikincil olarak alkol kullanımı artabilir. Ayrıca sosyal fobinin bipolar bozuklukla komorbiditesinin alkol kötüye kullanımının gelişmesini etkiliyor olabileceği fikri öne sürülmüştür. Sosyal fobisi olan bireylerde nikotin bağımlılığının arttığını gösteren çalışmalarda sigaranın, sosyal ortamlarda bireylerin kendilerine olan güven eksikliklerini telafi etmek için kullanılan bir araç olabileceği ileri sürülmektedir. Klinisyenler sosyal fobisi olan bir hastada alkol ve madde kötüye kullanımı ve bağımlılığı gelişmesini, bağımlı bir hastada da sosyal fobi gelişme ihtimalini göz önünde bulundurmalılar ki anksiyete - alkol madde kötüye kullanım kısırdöngüsü kırılabilsin.
Relationship between alcohol and substance related disorders and social anxiety disorder
In 70-80% of social phobic patients other psychiatric disorders co-exist. Social phobics consume alcohol either because alcohol directly decreases social anxiety or only because they believe so. Alcohol dependency and anxiety disorders may share a common genetic tendency, or social anxiety disorder may cause neurochemical changes in time, which in turn may form a tendency for alcoholism. It’s claimed that alcohol withdrawal may underlie social anxiety. Complications of an anxiety disorder such as depression, marital and occupational problems and personality factors may lead to alcohol abuse. Social phobia and bipolar disorder co morbidity is said to be related with emergence of alcohol abuse. Dependencies other than alcoholism are also highly co morbid in social phobics. Smoking may probably used by social phobics as a tool to decrease anxiety in social situations and to compensate low self esteem. Clinicians treating social phobia must take into notice the risk of alcohol and other abuse and dependency problems and vice versa, so that the vicious circle of social phobia – dependency should break.

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