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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 2004;12(2):117-124
Doğum sonrası erken dönemde psikiyatrik değerlendirme ve ilişkili faktörler
M Özkan, N Kaçmaz, D Anuk, O Bozkurt, L İbrahimoğlu
İ Ü İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Konsültasyon Liyezon Psikiyatrisi Bilim Dalı\r\n
Amaç: Bu çalışmada İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı’nda Ağustos-Ekim 2000 tarihleri arasında doğum yapan ve klinikte yatarak takip edilen hastalar psikiyatrik ve psikososyal açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Doğum sonrası erken dönemde psikiyatrik durumu ve ilişkili olabilecek değişkenleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Psikiyatri ve kadın doğum arasındaki liyezon modeli kapsamında gebelik sürecini tamamladıktan sonra doğumu gerçekleşmiş 210 olgu doğum sonrası ilk hafta (3-5 gün) içinde değerlendirilmiştir. Genel Sağlık Anketi uygulanarak taranmış ve psikiyatrik açıdan riskli olan (3 ve üzerinde puan alan) 69 olgu belirlenmiştir. Verileri eksiksiz tamamlanan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 40 olgu araştırmaya alınmıştır. Olgulara psikiyatrik değerlendirme (DSM-IV) yapılmış, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu, Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Veriler SPSS programı kullanılarak, aritmetik ortalama (x), standart sapma (SS), ki kare testi (x2), t-testi ile değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Olguların %30’una psikiyatrik tanı konulmuş, %32.5’inin depresyon puanı 8-14 arası (riskli grupta), %37.5’inin anksiyete puanı 11-16 arasında (riskli grupta) oldukları saptanmıştır. Doğum sonrası erken dönemde ruhsal durumu etkileyen değişkenler arasında özgeçmişte psikiyatrik bozukluk, tıbbi hastalık olması, gelir düzeyinin düşük olması, gebeliğin plansız olması, sosyal desteğin yetersizliği istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur.

Tartışma: Özgeçmişte psikiyatrik bozukluk, tıbbi hastalık bulunan, gelir düzeyi düşük olan, gebeliği planlı olmayan, sosyal desteği yetersiz olan gebeler doğum sonrası dönemde psikiyatrik açıdan riskli grubu oluşturduğu, doğum öncesi dönemden itibaren takip edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Psychiatric evaluation and its determinants in early postpartum period
Objective: The following study, conducted in Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology investigated psychiatric and psychosocial aspects of inpatient women who gave birth between August-October 2000. The main objective of the study was to determine psychiatric status and possible related variables in postpartum early period.

Method: After their completion of births within liaison model, in between psychiatric and obstetrics departments 210 cases were assessed in the first week following the birth. Cases were initially assessed with General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and ones carrying psychiatric risk (scored 3 and above) were designated. Of the 69 cases, the GHQ-12 scores three and above, forty cases who agreed to attend both to the psychiatric interview and to the study were investigated. Then, researchers interviewed participants by using semi-structured questionnaires and psychiatric evaluation, in addition Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale were utilized. Data were analyzed with arithmetic average, standard deviation, Chi Square Test and t-test by using the SPSS.

Results: It was found that depression points of 32.5 % were between 8-14 in the risky group and anxiety points of 37.5% between 11-16 in the risky group. Variables significantly effecting depression scores in the early post partum period were; availability of social support, planned pregnancy, economic status and past psychiatric disorder.

Conclusion: Pregnant women with risk factors for postpartum low mood such as ones with unexpected pregnancies, low economic status, low social support, and previous psychiatric illness should be identified early during antenatal period.

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