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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 52; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2015;52(1):64-68
Şizofreni Tedavisinde Antidepresan Kullanım Sıklığının Şizofreni Hastalarının Hastalık Özellikleriyle İlişkisi ve Sonuçları
N Hancı, ÖÇ Eker, Ö Miraloğlu, MA Uslu, G Özkaya, SS Eker
Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa
Amaç: Şizofreniye eşlik eden depresyon kötü prognoz, yüksek psikotik alevlenme riski ve yüksek oranda özkıyımla ilişkili olduğundan depresif belirtilerin tanımlanması ve uygun sağaltımı oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada şizofreni hastalarında antidepresan kullanımının sıklığı ve sonuçları araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Psikoz Birimi Polikliniğine Ocak 2007-Eylül 2012 yılları arasında başvuran, şizofreni hastalarının verileri geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya alınan şizofreni hastalarının antidepresan tedavileri minimal etkin doz ve süredeydi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 101 şizofreni hastasından 39’unun takipleri sırasında eşlik eden majör depresif bozukluk nedeniyle bir veya birden fazla kere antidepresan kullanımı olduğu, ortalama takip süresinin 6,3 (±4,2) yıl, başlangıç yaşının ortalama 22 (±6,5) yaş, hastalık süresinin ortalama 14,7 (±7,3) yıl, psikotik alevlenme sayısının ise ortalama 5 (±3,7) olduğu saptandı. En fazla kullanılan antidepresanların sırasıyla sertralin (%36,9), venlafaksin (%23,8) ve essitalopram (%20,2) olduğu gözlenmiştir. Hastalara 57 kere (%73,1) SSGİ, 21 kere (%26,9) SNGİ verilmiş; SSGİ kullanımı sırasında 11 kere (%19,3), SNGİ kullanımı sırasında 3 kere (%14,3) psikotik alevlenme gözlenmiştir. SSGİ kullanımı sırasında psikotik alevlenme (%78,6), SNGİ’leri kullanımı sırasında psikotik alevlenme (%21,4) gözlenen hastaların oranından fazlaydı. Ancak bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir düzeyde değildi. Antidepresan kullanan 39 hastanın 8’inde (%20,5) yan etkiye bağlı ilaç kullanımı kesilirken 21’inde (%53,8) tam remisyon sağlanmıştır. SSGİ kullanan 29 (%50,9) hastada, SNGİ kullanan 18 (%85,7) hastada tam remisyon sağlamış, SNGİ kullananlarda depresyonda remisyon, SSGİ kullananlara oranla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p<0,01) derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada SSGİ grubunun daha fazla kullanıldığı, SNGİ grubu ilaçlarda SSGİ’ lere göre tedavide depresyonda remisyonun daha sık görüldüğü, SSGİ ve SNGİ grubu ilaçlarla tedavide psikotik belirtilerde depreşme açısından fark olmadığı dikkati çekmektedir.
Relationship between Antidepressant Prescription Rates and Features of Schizophrenic Patients and Its Outcome in Schizophrenia Treatment
Introduction: Comorbid depression in schizophrenia is associated with poor outcome, increased risk of relapse and a high rate of suicide. Identification of depressive symptoms and their appropriate treatment is crucial for depressed schizophrenic patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the rates of antidepressant prescription and their outcomes. Methods: The records of the schizophrenic outpatients, who were consulted at Psychosis Unit of Psychiatry Department between January 2007 and September 2012, were evaluated retrospectively. Enrolled schizophrenic patients’ antidepressant medications were at their minimal effective doses and effective duration. Results: The present study demonstrates that 39 of the 101 patients during their follow-ups were prescribed antidepressants. The mean follow-up period was 6.3 (±4.2) years; the mean age at onset was 22 (±6.5) years; the mean duration of illness was 14.7 (±7.3) years and the mean number of psychotic exacerbation was 5 (±3.7). The most prescribed antidepressants were; sertraline (36.9%), venlefaxine (23.8%) and essitalopram (20.2%). SSRI’s were prescribed 57 (73.1%), where as SNRI’s 21 times (26.9%). There was no significant difference between SSRI (78.6%) and SNRI (21.4%) treatments in terms of psychotic exacerbation under antidepressant medication. Full remission of depressive symptoms was achieved in 21 patients (53.8%). Remission rates were significantly higher (p<0.01) in SNRI treated depressed schizophrenic patients (85.7%) compared to SSRI treated patients (50.9%). In 8 of the 39 patients (20.5%) antidepressant treatment was terminated due to side effects. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that SSRI’s were more often prescribed compared to other classes of antidepressants in emerging depressive symptoms in schizophrenic patients despite full remission with SNRI’s is more common. There was no significant difference between SSRI and SNRI treatment in terms of psychotic exacerbation.

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