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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2015;8(1):44-52
Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğunun Psikoterapisi
KF Yavuz, HT Karatepe
Bakırköy Prof.Dr. Mazhar Osman Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul
Travmaya bağlı bilişsel, duygusal ve davranışsal problemlerin ele alınmasında psikoterapiler tedavinin temel unsuru olarak yer almaktadır. Psikolojinin paradigması zaman içinde değişse de, travma sonrası stres bozukluğuna (TSSB) yönelik geliştirilen psikoterapi yaklaşımlarında ana unsur, travmatik olay ile ilişkili içsel yaşantılara maruziyet (exposure) müdahalesi olmuştur. TSSB ilişkili literatür incelendiğinde, bilişsel-davranışçı terapiler (BDT) ve göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing-EMDR) terapisinin belirgin olarak etkinlik gösterdikleri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte; danışanların tedaviye başlamakta gönülsüzlüğü, tedaviyi yarım bırakma oranları, yetersiz yanıt ve relapslar da TSSB tedavisinin halihazırdaki zorlukları olarak sayılabilir. Kabul ve Kararlılık Terapisi (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-ACT) başta olmak üzere üçüncü dalga bilişsel-davranışçı terapiler ise, olumsuz içsel yaşantıların müdahale edilmeden gözlemlenmesinin amaçlandığı kendindelik (mindfulness) deneyimlerine odaklanırlar ve semptom redüksiyonundan ziyade danışanın değer alanlarına yönelik eylemlerini arttırma amacındadırlar ve TSSB tedavisinin ilerlemesinde etkili olabilirler.
Psychotherapy of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Psychotherapies have the main place in the treatment of problems related with traumatic cognitions, emotions and behaviors. Although the paradigm of psychology changes across the time, exposure related interventions, focused on internal experiences related to traumatic event, have been the main component of psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). When the PTSD related literature investigated, it is found that cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) are significantly effective therapy models in the area. However, there are also some challenges of PTSD treatment, like reluctance of clients to agree with therapy, drop-out rates, low response and future relapse. Third wave cognitive-behavior therapies and especially Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) use mindfulness exercises for observing negative private experiences without judgement and aim to orient commitment action through valued life direction instead of trying to reduce symptoms, can be effective in the improvement of the treatment of PTSD.

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