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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 34; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Psikoloji Çalışmaları; 2014;34(2):35-52
Basit ve Çaprazlanmış Grup Üyeliklerinin Algılanışı: Cinsiyet ve Yaş Değişkenleri
F Curun, GT Yurtdaş
Acıbadem Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Arkonaç (1995) tarafından yapılmış olan cinsiyet (kadın-erkek) ve yaş temelinde ele alınan çapraz grup üyeliği çalışmasını tekrar etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Zavalloni (1971) tarafından önerilmiş olan odaklanmış içe bakış tekniği temelinde hazırlanmış olan anket formu kullanılarak basit ve çapraz kategorizasyon durumlarına ilişkin bilgi toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya cinsiyet ve yaş değişkenleri bağlamında, genç/yetişkin ve kadın/erkek olmak üzere iki boyutta farklı gruplara üye olan 111 kişi katılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde, katılımcıların basit kategorizasyon durumunda, hem cinsiyet hem de yaş boyutlarında yaptıkları iç grup ve dış grup değerlendirmelerinin anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra katılımcıların basit kategorizasyon değerlendirmeleri temel alınarak, 4 çapraz kategorizasyon koşulundaki (cinsiyet-yaş içgrup, cinsiyet iç grup-yaş dış grup, cinsiyet dış-yaş iç grup ve cinsiyet dış-yaş dış grup olmak üzere) değerlendirmeleri analiz edilmiştir. Çapraz kategorizasyon durumundaki tanımlayıcılık ortalamalarının, kişinin hem yaş, hem de cinsiyet boyutunda iç grup değerlendirmesi yapıldığında anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmadığı bulunmuştur. Diğer yandan, yaş ya da cinsiyet boyutlarından birinde dış grup değerlendirmesi söz konusu olduğunda tanımlayıcılık ortalamaları anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştırmıştır. Araştırmanın değişkenleri açısından, kadın ve erkek katılımcılar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken, genç ve yetişkin yaş gruplarına ilişkin anlamlı farklar bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, Arkonaç’ın bulguları ve ilgili literatür temelinde tartışılmıştır.
Perception of Simple and Crossed Group Identities: Gender and Age
The purpose of the present study is to replicate Arkonaç (1995)’s study about cross- cate- gorization based on gender and age. In accordance with this aim, the data regarding simple and cross categorization situations was gathered using a questionnaire based on Zavalloni (1971)’s focused introspection technique. The sample consisted of 111 participants who belong to different group memberships in terms of gender (male-female) and age (youngadult). The analyses revealed that in-group and out-group evaluations significantly differed in both gender and age dimensions in terms of simple categorization. Then, the participants’ simple categorization evaluations were used as baseline values to analyze in-group, out-group evaluations in four cross categorization conditions (gender-age in-group, gender in-group/ age out-group, gender out-group/age in-group and gender out-group/age out-group). The results showed that there were no significant differences in in-group –out-group identifications according to gender and age. However, it was found that the group identification means of the participants differed significantly both when gender and age evaluations were taken as baseline values in all other cross categorization situations. Finally, it was found that while male and female participants’ group identification values did not differ significantly, the young and adult participants’ group identification means differed significantly. The results were discussed with regard to Arkonaç’s(1995) findings and relevant literature

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