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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 21; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2014;21(2):105-114
Otistik Spektrum Bozukluğu Tanısı İle İzlenen Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Psikotrop İlaç Kullanım Sıklığı, Dağılımı ve İlişkili Değişkenler
BS Doğan, HT Çak, SEÇ Kültür
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Amaç: Otistik Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) etiyolojisine özgü ilaç tedavisi bilinmemektedir. Bununla birlikte OSB tanısı ile izlenen çocuk ve ergenlerde aşırı hareketlilik, zarar verici ya da yineleyici davranışlar gibi yakınmaların eşlik etmesi ya da komorbid psikiyatrik hastalıklar varlığında ilaç tedavisi kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bir çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi kliniğinde OSB tanısı ile izlenen çocuk ve ergenlerde psikotrop ilaç kullanım sıklığı, dağılımı ve ilişkili değişkenlerin incelenmesi ve aynı merkezde aynı desenle 8 yıl önce yapılmış olan çalışma sonuçları ile karşılaştırılarak ilaç kullanım örüntüsündeki zamansal değişimin irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Güncel çalışma kapsamında Ocak 2012 - Nisan 2013 tarihleri arasında Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı’nda yaygın gelişimsel bozukluk (YGB) tanısı ile takip edilen çocukların (s=112) dosyaları ilaç kullanım bilgileri ve ilişkili değişkenler açısından geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir (HÜTF-2). Ek olarak ilaç kullanım örüntüsündeki zamansal değişimi belirlemek amacıyla aynı desenle 2004-2005 yıllarında yapılan çalışmanın verileri ile karşılaştırma yapılmıştır (HÜTF-1, s=97). Sonuçlar: OSB tanısı ile izlenen, 112 çocuk ve ergenin %56,3’üne psikotrop ilaç tedavisi önerildiği belirlenmiştir. İlaç kullanımına en sık neden olan psikiyatrik belirtinin %70 oranıyla aşırı hareketlilik olduğu görülmüştür. Kullanılan psikotrop ilaçlar arasında en çok atipik antipsikotiklerin (%44,6) tercih edildiği, atipik antipsikotikler arasında ise en sık risperidon (%40,2) kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Atipik antipsikotiklerden sonra sırasıyla antidepresanlar (%11,6), psikostimulanlar (%7,1) ve tipik antipsikotiklerin (%6,2) tercih edildiği belirlenmiştir. İlaç kullanılan grubun yaş ortancasının ilaç kullanmayan gruba göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. HÜTF-1 ve HÜTF-2 çalışma grupları karşılaştırıldığında ise 8 yıllık süre içinde psikotrop ilaç kullanımında anlamlı bir artış olduğu, ilaç grupları incelendiğinde ise anlamlı artışın stimulan ve antidepresan kullanım oranlarında olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Tartışma: Bu çalışmada, reçete edilen ilaçların dağılımının yazına paralel olduğu, zamansal düzlemde değerlendirildi- ğinde ilaç kullanım oranlarında başta stimulan ve antidepresanlar olmak üzere artış olduğu anlaşılmış ancak atipik antipsikotiklerin özellikle de risperidonun kullanılma yüzdesinin diğer çalışmalara kıyasla belirgin şekilde yüksek olması dikkat çekmiştir. Ülkemizde ruhsatlı olan ilaçların ve kullanım formlarının kısıtlı olmasının bu duruma neden olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Gelecekte OSB’de eşlik eden psikiyatrik belirtiler ve tedavi seçeneklerine yönelik çalışmalar yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.
The Frequency of Psychotropic Medication Use, Distribution and Associated Variables In Children Diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Objective: Currently, there is no established specifi c treatment that targets the aetiology of Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). However, it is well known that medication is used in children with ASD for accompanying complaints such as hyperactivity, aggression or stereotypies and for the presence of comorbid psychiatric conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of psychotropic medication use, distribution and associated variables in children with ASD who were being followed in a child and adolescent psychiatry unit and to compare current results with the fi ndings from another study that was conducted with the same design in the same unit eight years ago to collect data regarding time related differences in medication patterns in the same clinic over an eight year period. Method: Within the context of the current study, psychiatric records of children and adolescents (n=112) that were being followed with the diagnoses of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) in Hacettepe University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry between dates 2011 January - 2012 April were retrospectively reviewed in terms of medication use data and associated variables (HÜTF-2). Additionally, to assess time related differences in medication patterns, a comparison was made by using data from a study that was conducted with the same design in 2004-2005 (HÜTF-1, n=97). Results: Psychotropic medication was recommended to 56,3 % of the 112 children and adolescents with ASD. Hyperactivity was the most common (70%) psychiatric symptom among the symptoms that would require the initiation of a psychotropic medication. Atypical antipsychotics (44.6%) were the most common drugs of choice among psychotropic medications used and risperidone (40.2%) was the most preferred atypical antipsychotic. Following atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants (11.6%), psychostimulants (7.1%) and typical antipsychotics (6.2%) were the other most commonly preferred medications, respectively. The median age value of patients taking psychotropic medication was signifi cantly higher than that of the children who were not taking psychotropic medication. When HÜTF-1 and HÜTF-2 study groups were compared, it was seen that there was a signifi cant rise in the use of psychotropic medication over 8 years, with the most signifi cant increase observed in the use of stimulants and antidepressants. Discussion: In this study, it was seen that the distribution of medication prescribed was similar to what has been reported in the literature. However, when collected data were evaluated from a temporal perspective, it was found that there was an incline in the rates of medication use, with mainly the increase in the use of stimulants and antidepressants contributing to the rise, along with a striking fi nding that the rates of using atypical antipsychotics, especially risperidone, were prominently higher than the rates reported in other studies. This might be due to the limited number of licensed drugs and their available forms in our country. The results of this study highlight the need for further research on comorbid psychiatric symptoms in ASD and treatment options.

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