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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2013;16(4):232-243
Dopaminerjik Reseptör Aşırı Duyarlılığı, Aşırı Duyarlılık Psikozu ve Antipsikotiklerle Tedavide Etkinlik Kaybı
V Altınyazar, N Yüksel
Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın
Şizofreni farmako tedavisinde önemli sorunlardan birisi alevlenmelerdir ve her zaman nedenleri açık değildir. Olasılıklardan birisi beynin uzun süreli antipsikotik (AP) tedavisine adaptasyon göstermesi ile tolerans ve yoksunluk belirtilerinin gelişmesi ve sonucunda antipsikotiklerde terapötik etkinlik kaybının gözlenmesidir. Aşırı duyarlılık psikozu olarak tanımlanan bu durumun nörobiyolojik nedenleri arasında postsinaptik dopaminerjik reseptörlerin up-regülasyonu, dopamine karşı aşırı duyarlı hale gelmeleri ve sinaptik ileti sonrası gen ifadesinde nöroadaptif değişikliklerin bunu izlemesi sayılabilir. Klinik vakalarda dopamin aşırı duyarlılığının belirtileri olarak, anormal istemsiz hareketler, devam eden kalıntı belirtiler ve küçük yaşam olaylarına duyarlılık artışı gözlenebilir. Günlük uygulamada aşırı duyarlılık psikozu çoğunlukla hastalığın alevlenmesi olarak yorumlanmakta ve AP dozlarının arttırılması yoluna gidilmektedir. Fakat bu sadece kısa süreli ve geçici bir yarar sağlamaktadır. Antipsikotik sürdürüm tedavisinin mümkün olan en düşük dozda tutulmasının aşırı duyarlılık psikozu gelişimine karşı koruyucu olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Aşırı duyarlılık psikozu gelişen olgularda farmakotedavi yaklaşımlarında ise, farklı etki düzeneği olan ve dopaminerjik D2 reseptörlere daha düşük afinite gösteren bir antipsikotik ilaca geçmek, 2 adrenoseptör blokaj etkisi olan ilaçların tedaviye eklenmesi veya antiepileptiklerin (valproik asit, lamotrijin, topiramat) faydalı etkilerinin olduğu saptanmıştır.
Dopamine Receptor Supersensitivity, Supersensitivity Psychosis and Therapeutic Failure of Antipsychotic Treatment
One of the major problems in the treatment of schizophrenia is relapse, the reasons for which are not always clear. One of the possibilities is adaptation of the brain to long-term antipsychotic treatment, and the development of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms and subsequent observation of the loss of therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotics. Among the neurobiological causes of this condition, known as supersensitivity psychosis, are upregulation of post-synaptic dopaminergic receptors, a progressive hypersensitivity to dopamine, and postsynaptic neuroadaptive changes in gene expression. Dopamine supersensitivity is observed as abnormal involuntary movements, increased sensitivity to minor life events and ongoing residual symptoms in clinical cases. In daily practice, supersensitivity psychosis is often interpreted as an exacerbation of the disorder, and is treated with increasing doses of AP. However, this only provides a short-term, temporary benefit. Keeping antipsychotic maintenance treatment at the lowest possible dose is thought to be protective against the development of supersensitivity psychosis. Among therapeutic approaches in patients who develop supersensitivity psychosis, switching to an antipsychotic drug with a different mechanism of action and a lower affinity for the D2 receptor, adding 2-adrenoceptor blocking drugs to the treatment, or treatment with antiepileptic drugs (valproic acid, lamotrigine, topiramate) were found to be of benefit.

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