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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 51; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2014;51(4):389-394
Erken Evre Parkinson Hastalığında Olfaktör Disfonksiyon ve Epizodik Verbal Bellek Arasındaki İlişki
L Hanoğlu, HA Hakyemez, F Özer, S Özben, S Demirci, EO Akarsu
Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
Giriş: Olfaktör disfonksiyon, İdyopatik Parkinson Hastalığının (IPH) erken ve sık görülen bir semptomudur. Son zamanlarda, olfaktör disfonksiyon ile kognitif kayıp arasında ilişki olduğu bildirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, bu teori ile ilişkili olarak, erken evre IPH’da olfaktör disfonksiyon ve kognitif bozukluklar arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya, Hoehn- Yahr (H-Y) evrelemesine göre evre 1 ve evre 2 IPH tanısı almış 28 hasta ve 19 sağlıklı birey dahil ettik. Olfaktör fonksiyonu değerlendirmek için University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) uygulandı. Hastalarda kognitif fonksiyonu değerlendirmek için, Saat çizme testi, Stroop testi, verbal akıcılık testi, Benton face recognition testi (BFR), Benton line judgement orientation test (BLO), Sözel bellek süreçleri testi (SBST) uygulandı. Bulgular: Kontroller ile mukayese edildiğinde hasta grubunda UPSIT skorlarını anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulduk (p=0.018). Nöropsikolojik değerlendirmede sadece Stroop testi ve BLOT testi kontroller ile mukayese edildiğinde hasta grubunda anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (sırasıyla p=0,003, p=0,002). UPSIT skorları ile Stroop zamanı ve Stroop hata skorları arasında negatif korelasyon (p=0,037), UPSIT skorları ile SBST uzun süreli bellek skorları arasında pozitif korelasyon bulduk. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, daha önceki çalışmalardaki gibi, erken evre IPH’da vizyospasyal ve yürütücü fonksiyonlarla ilişkili hafif kognitif bozukluk saptadık. Fakat hasta grubunda hiposmi ile korele şekilde bellek ve frontal fonksiyonlarda farklı bir bozulma paterni saptadık. Bu farklı patern, IPH’ın erken döneminde koku bozukluğu eşliğinde epizodik verbal bellekte performans düşüklüğü görülmesi şeklinde bir alt gruba işaret ediyor olabilir.
Relation between Olfactory Dysfunction and Episodic Verbal Memory in Early Parkinson’s Disease
Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction is an early and common symptom in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD). Recently, the relation between olfactory dysfunction and cognitive loss in IPD has been reported. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relation between olfactory dysfunction and cognitive impairments in early IPD related with this theory. Methods: In this study, we included 28 patients with stage 1 and stage 2 IPD according to the Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) scale and 19 healthy participants. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was performed for evaluating olfactory function. For cognitive investigation in participants, the clock drawing test, Stroop test, verbal fluency test, Benton face recognition test (BFR), Benton line judgment orientation test (BLO), and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) were performed. Results: We found significantly lower UPSIT scores in the patient group compared to controls (p=0.018). In the neuropsychological investigation, only Stroop test and BLOT test scores were significantly lower in the patient group compared to controls (p=0.003, p=0.002, respectively). We found a negative correlation between UPSIT scores and Stroop time (p=0.033) and Stroop error (p=0.037) and a positive correlation between UPSIT scores and SBST long-term memory scores (p=0.016) in patients. Conclusion: In our study, we found mild cognitive impairment related with visuospatial and executive functions in early-stage IPD compared to controls. But, in the patient group, we detected a different impairment pattern of memory and frontal functions that correlated with hyposmia. This different pattern might be indicating a subgroup of IPD characterized by low performance in episodic verbal memory, with accompanying olfactory dysfunction in the early stage.

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