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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2014;7(4):64-70
Kanserle Yaşamanın Hayata Olumlu Bir Katkısı Var mı?
EH Karslıoğlu, İ Özer
Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
Kanser korku verici bir hastalıktır. Tedavinin kısıtlı etkinliği, gelecekle ilgili belirsizlik, zorlayıcı yan etkiler, fiziksel değişik, otonominin azalması, rol işlevselliğinin bozulması, nüks ve ölüm kaygısı gibi çoklu travmalar bu algının oluşumunda etkilidirler. Ancak, travma sonrası uyum bozuklukları ve depresyon dışında olumlu bazı yaşantılar olabildiği de bildirilmektedir. Travma sonrası yaşanan olumlu değişiklikler literatürde travma sonrası gelişme (TSG) olarak adlandırılmaktadır. TSG önceki işlevsellik düzeyinden daha iyi olmayı tanımlayan bir süreç ve sonuçtur. Kanser hastaları arasında TSG %60-90 oranında bildirilmiştir. Genç yaş, kadın cinsiyet, düşük eğitim seviyesi, gelir düzeyinin yüksek olması, etnik azınlığa mensup olma, olumlu aktif baş etme yöntemleri, yakın desteğinin iyi olması TSG ile olumlu ilişkili etmenlerdir. TSG'nin yaşam kalitesi ve yaşam süresi ile ilişkili olduğu da gösterilmiştir. Günümüzde güvenle önerilebilecek, etkinliği doğrulanmış, TSG'yi artıran yöntemler bulunmamaktadır. Sağlıkla ilgili davranışları değiştirmek, hastaların sevdikleriyle daha çok zaman geçirmelerini önermek, kendi öncelik ve değerlerine göre yaşamalarını teşvik etmek TSG açısından yararlı olabilir. Egzersiz, gevşeme teknikleri, doktoru ile sık görüşme gibi hastalıkla ilgili davranış düzenlemeleri de TSG'yi sağlamak için önerilebilir. TSG'nin daha iyi anlaşılması, psikiyatrik morbidite oluşmadan bireylerin yönlendirilmesi ve desteklenmesinde hem hasta ve hasta yakınlarına, hem de destek ekibine katkı sağlayacaktır.
Does Living with Cancer Possibly Contribute to Life?
Cancer is a dreaded disease. Multiple traumas such as the limited effects of the treatments, ambiguity on the future predictions, troubling side effects, physical changes, restricted autonomy, deteriorated functioning, anxiety on the probability of recurrence or death all contribute to this image. However, besides the disordered posttraumatic adjustment, some benefits have also been reported. These favorable experiences after such traumas are called posttraumatic growth (PTG) in the literature. PTG is defined a better level of functioning when compared to the pre-trauma period and it refers both a process and an outcome. PTG has been reported among the cancer patients up to 60-90%. Being women and in younger age, having lower-level education, obtaining higher income, belonging ethnic minorities, utilizing active coping methods, getting support from relatives can be enumerated among the factors related to PTG. PTG has also been shown to be related with quality of life and overall survival. Unfortunately, there is no proven technique to increase PTG which can safely be suggested at the moment. Changing the behaviors on personal health, spending more time with the loved-ones, promoting the lifestyles which is consistent with the individual priorities or values could provide benefits in terms of PTG. In addition to that, exercise, relaxation techniques, and more often visits to the healthcare providers can be recommended for the sake of PTG. A better understanding of PTG would be beneficial to the patients, their relatives, and the healthcare professionals, before any avoidable psychiatric morbidity ensues.

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