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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 51; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2014;51(3):267-274
Hastanede Yatan Yaşlılarda Bilişsel İşlevlerin Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri,Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Klinik Değişkenlerle İlişkisi
ASD Akça, Ö Saraçlı, U Emre, N Atasoy, S Güdül, BÖ Barut,Ö Şenormancı, M Ç Büyükuysal , L Atik, H T Atasoy
Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi, Zonguldak
Giriş: Yaşlı hastalardaki bilişsel bozulma, işlevsel kayıp için bir risk faktörü olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu işlevsel bozukluk; demans, depresyon, anksiyete veya medikal hastalıkların belirtisi olabilmektedir. Bu çalışma; hastanede yatan yaşlı hastalarda bilişsel bozukluk sıklığını saptamak ve hastaların bilişsel durumları ile sosyodemografik değişkenler, günlük yaşam aktiviteleri, anksiyete ve depresyon arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı özellikteki bu çalışmanın örneklemi Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi’nde yatarak tedavi gören 65 yaş ve üstü 243 hastadan oluşmaktadır. Hastaları değerlendirmek için Sosyodemografik veri formu, Standardize Mini Mental Test (SMMT), Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Ölçeği, Lawton– Brody Enstrumental Günlük Aktiviteler Ölçeği, Geriatrik Depresyon Ölçeği (GDÖ) ve Beck Anksiyete ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların 106’sı (%43,6) kadın, 137’si (%56,4) erkektir. Hastalar, SMMT 23/24 kesme puanına göre iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Bilişsel işlev bozukluğu; ileri yaş, kadın cinsiyet, düşük eğitim ve sosyo-ekonomik düzey, kırsal kesimde yaşayan hastalarda istatistik olarak anlamlı olarak daha sık bulunmuştur. Bilişsel işlev bozukluğu olan grubun temel ve yardımcı günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde ve beslenmelerinde daha çok sorun olduğu, anksiyete ve depresyon puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmamızda, bilişsel yıkım ve GDÖ’ne göre olası depresyon sıklığı sırasıyla %56 ve %48 olmasına rağmen; hastaların sadece %10,5’inin daha önce psikiyatri doktoruna başvurduğu, %9.3’ünün psikiyatrik bir tedavi aldığı öğrenilmiştir. Sonuç: Bilişsel işlevler bozuldukça günlük yaşam aktiviteleri gerilemekte, beslenme bozulmakta ve bağımsız iş yapabilme kapasitesi olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. İleri yaş, kadın cinsiyet, düşük eğitim düzeyi ve sosyoekonomik düzey, kırsal kesimde yaşamak bilişsel işlevlerde gerileme ile yakından ilişkilidir. Yaşlılardaki bilişsel gerileme depresyon ve anksiyete ile de ilişkili olabilir. Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre; tıbbi hastalığı olan yaşlılardaki bilişsel sorunlar, depresyon ve diğer psikiyatrik sorunların fark edilmemesinin, yaşlı hastaların zihinsel sağlığını olumsuz etkileyebileceği kanaatindeyiz. Yaşlı hastalarla karşılaşan tüm hekimlerin tarama testlerini kullanarak bilişsel yıkım ve depresyonu taraması önemlidir
Relationship of Cognitive Functions with Daily Living Activities, Depression, Anxiety and Clinical Variablesin Hospitalized Elderly Patients
Introduction: Cognitive impairment in elderly patients, which may be a sign of dementia, depression, anxiety or medical diseases, has been determined as a risk factor for functional loss. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of cognitive impairment and to investigate the relationship of cognitive status with sociodemographic variables, daily living activities, anxiety and depression in elderly inpatients. Method: The sample of this cross-sectional and descriptive study consists of 243 patients aged 65 years and older who were hospitalized in Bülent Ecevit University Hospital. A sociodemographic questionnaire,, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living Scale, Lawton-Brody Instrumental Daily Activities Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used for data collection. Results: One hundred and six (43.6%) patients were female and 137 (56.4%) were male. The patients were divided into two groups according to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 23/24 cut-off score. The cognitive decline was statistically significantly more frequent in patients who were older, female, less educated, low socioeconomic status, and living in rural areas. There were more problems in the basic and instrumental activities of daily living and nutrition in patients with cognitive decline. Anxiety and depression scores were higher in this group. In our study, although the frequency of cognitive decline and depression according to GDS were 56% and 48%, respectively; we found that only 10.5% of patients applied to the psychiatrist, and 9.3% of patients received psychiatric treatment. Conclusion: Cognitive decline may cause deterioration in the daily living activities, nutrition and capacity for independent functioning. Older age, female, low education, low socioeconomic status and living in rural area are important risk factors for cognitive impairment. Cognitive decline in older age may be associated with depression and anxiety. We assume that when cognitive decline, depression and other psychiatric problems are unidentified, it may contribute to deterioration of mental health in medically ill elderly.

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