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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 51; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2014;51(3):283-287
H1N1 (Domuz Gribi) Aşısını Takiben Ortaya Çıkan Narkolepsi-KatapleksiSendromu Olguları
M Nalbantoğlu, G Benbir, D Karadeniz, A Altıntaş, FS Oğuz
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Narkolepsi-Katapleksi sendromu, insan lökosit antijenleri (HLA-DQB1/0602) ile ilişkili, uyanıklıktan sorumlu hipokretin peptit eksikliğine bağlı gelişen nadir bir uyku hastalığıdır. H1N1 domuz gribi aşısı sonrasında Avrupa ülkelerinde narkolepsi-katapleksi endemisinin ortaya çıkması dikkatleri çekmiştir. Türkiye’de H1N1 aşısına bağlı ortaya çıkan Narkolepsi- Katapleksi sendromu olgusu henüz bildirilmemiştir. İlk olgumuz, 9 yaşında erkek hasta domuz gribi aşısını takiben 1,5 ay içinde ortaya çıkan gün içi aşırı uykululuk hali, gülerken üst ekstremitelerde güçsüzlük, hipnopompik halüsinasyonlar ve kabuslar nedeniyle başvurdu. İkinci olgumuz 50 yaşında erkek hastada, domuz gribi aşısından 4 ay sonra uyku paralizisi ve REM uykusu davranış bozukluğu, 6 ay sonra gündüz aşırı uykululuk hali, 8 ay sonra gülünce/ağlayınca ortaya çıkan düşme/hareket edememe şikayetlerinin ortaya çıkması üzerine başvurdu. Hastalarımıza, Polisomnografinin (PSG) ardından Çoklu Uyku Latans Testi (ÇULT) yapılarak Narkolepsi-Katapleksi sendromu tanısı konuldu. Her iki hastamıza yüksek çözünürlüklü PCR-SSP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequence Specific Primer) tekniği ile HLA-DRB1/DQB1 lokus incelemesi yapıldı. İlk olguda HLADQB1/ 0602.47 ve DQB1/03.01 heterozigot lokus; ikinci hastamızda HLA-DQB1/0602.47 ve DQB1/02.01 heterozigot lokus saptandı. Sunduğumuz iki olgu, Türkiye’de H1N1 aşısıyla ilişkili olarak bildirilen ilk olgulardır. Özgün göstergelerin olmamasına karşın, aşı ve hastalık şikayetleri arasındaki zamansal ilişki, olası neden-sonuç ilişkisini akla getirmekte; altta yatan genetik yatkınlık varlığında H1N1 aşısının Narkolepsi-Katapleksi sendromunu tetikleyebileceği düşünülmektedir
Cases of Narcolepsy-Cataplexy Syndrome Following H1N1 Vaccination
Narcolepsy-Cataplexy syndrome is a rare sleep disorder related with human leukocyte antigens (HLA-DQB1*0602) caused by the loss of hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin producing neurons. Recently, in European countries, Narcolepsy-Cataplexy syndrome developing following H1N1 vaccination has attracted attention. Our first patient was a 9-year-old boy, who was referred to our clinic with the complaint of daytime sleepiness developed 1.5 month after H1N1 vaccination. After a couple of weeks, weakness of the upper extremities while laughing was added to the clinical picture. He also developed hypnopompic hallucinations and nightmares. Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) following full-night polysomnography (PSG) showed that the mean sleep latency was 0.6 minutes; and all of the naps had sleep-onset REM periods. Our second patient was a 50 year-oldman, who presented to our clinic complaining of sleep paralysis and REM sleep behavior disorder developed 4 months after H1N1 vaccination. He developed daytime sleepiness 6 months after and cataplexy 8 months after H1N1 vaccination. He was also diagnosed as having Narcolepsy-Cataplexy syndrome upon PSG and MSLT. We investigated HLA-DRB1/ DQB1 locus with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequence Specific Primer technique. The first patient had HLA-DQB1*0602.47 and DQB1*03.01 heterozygous loci; and the second patient had HLA-DQB1*0602.47 and DQB1*02.01 heterozygous loci. These patients are the first reported cases of Narcolepsy-Cataplexy syndrome related with H1N1 vaccination in Turkey. Although there is no specific marker, temporal relationship between vaccination and onset of disease symptoms suggests a possible causal relationship. In the presence of an underlying genetic predisposition, it was thought that H1N1 vaccination could trigger Narcolepsy-Cataplexy syndrome.

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