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Yıl:1998; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 1998;1(1):5-12
Affektif Bozuklukların Genetiği
E Taner , N Yüksel
Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, ANKARA
Genetik etkinin affektif bozuklukların etiyolojisindeki rolü ile ilgili ilk bulgular, aile, ikiz ve evlatlık çalışmaları ile ortaya konmuş, daha sonra geliştirilen genetik çalışma yöntemleri ile genetik etki araştırılmıştır. Böylece psikiyatrik genetik konusunda 'antisipasyon' (sonraki nesillerde hastalık beklentisinde artma) ve 'kaynak ebeveyn etkisi' gibi yeni sayılabilecek kavramlar bulunmuştur. Hasta bireylerde kontrollere göre daha fazla geniş trinükleotid tekrarlarının saptanması, bipolar affektif bozukluğun etiyolojisinde bunun rol oynayabileceğini ve büyük olasılıkla da antisipasyondan sorumlu olabileceğini göstermektedir. Etkilenmiş annelerden gelen neslin, etkilenmiş babalardan gelen nesile göre belirgin olarak daha fazla hastalanma riskinin olduğu gösterilmiş ve bu durum kaynak ebeveyn etkisi olarak adlandırılmıştır. Kromozomal lokalizasyonu belirlemek için bağlantı analizleri kullanılmış, bu şekilde birçok kromozom üzerinde bağlantı olduğu gösterilmiş, fakat sadece 18. kromozomun ilgili lokusu ile ilişkili bağlantı diğer çalışmalarla da doğrulanmıştır. Diğer kromozomal lokalizasyonlarla ilgili bağlantılar farklı çalışmalarla doğrulanamasa da yanlışlığı da gösterilememiştir. Affektif hastalıkların kompleks kalıtımla geçen genetik bir hastalık olduğu düşünülürse, eldeki tekniklerle heterojen hasta gruplarında tek ve ortak bir kromozomal lokus gösterebilmenin zorluğu anlaşılabilir. Bu sebeple bir ailede belli bir kromozomal lokusta bağlantı saptanabilirken diğer ailelerde gösterilemeyebilir. Daha geniş ve homojen aile ve hasta gruplarının oluşturulmasıyla bu sınırlama aşılabilir. Eldeki bilgiler affektif bozukluklarda genetik etkinin önemli olduğunu göstermekte ve ileriki çalışmalar için cesaret vermektedir.
Genetics of Affective Disorders
First evidences on the role of genetic effect in the etiology of affective disorders were put forward by the family, twin and adoption studies and then effects of genetic have been researched by the means of advanced genetic studies. These researches lead to the development of recent concepts in psychiatric genetics like ‘anticipation’ (increase in disease severity and / or decrease in age of onset in successive generations) and ‘parent of origin effect’. Identification of large intervals of trinucleotid repeats in affected individuals when compared with control subjects, implicated the role of trinucleotid repeats in the etiology of bipolar disorder which at the same time seems to be the cause of anticipation. It has been shown that morbidity risk is significantly higher in off springs of affected mothers when compared with off springs of affected fathers which is defined as ‘parent of origin effect’. Linkage analysis has been used to define the chromosomal locations, linkage has been reported on many chromosomes but only the linkage on chromosome 18 has been replicated by other genetic studies. Although the linkages on other chromosomes were not replicated by other studies, they were not denied otherwise. If the bipolar disorder is accepted as a disorder of a complex inheritance, difficulty to find only one or shared chromozomal loci in heterogen samples could be understood. Therfore one chromozomal linkage in one family could not be proven in other families. This limitation could be passed by larger and more homogeneous sample size. Informations in hand indicate that genetic effect is important for affective disorders and encourage for further studies.

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