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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi; 2014;3(2):109-115
Şema Terapisi ile İzlenen Bir Olgu Bağlamında Panik Bozukluğu ile Şemalar Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi
EY Demir, G Soygüt
Ordu Üniversitesi, Ordu
Giriş:Şema Terapi Jeffrey Young tarafından kişilik bozukluğu ve diğer terapi yöntemlerine az yanıt veren zor davranış problemlerine yönelik olarak geliştirilmiş, kognitif, davranışsal, psikodinamik, nesne ilişkileri ve varoluşsal yaklaşımları bütünleştiren bir psikoterapi formudur. Aslında eksen II olgular için geliştirilmekle birlikte son dönemlerde eksenI olgularda da etkili olduğuna dair çalışmalar yapılmıştır.Bu yazıda eksenI tanısı panik bozukluğu olan, kronik yaşam sorunları belirgin bir bayan hasta şema formülasyonu ile sunulmuştur. Olgu:36 yaşında, bekar , üniversite mezunu, bayan hasta. Polikliniğe işlevselliğini ciddi derecede bozan panik atağı belirtileriyle başvurdu. Medikal tedaviye rağmen maladaptif şemalarına ve sıkça kullandığı şema modlarınında etkisiyle panik atağı belirtilerinin tam olarak yatışmadığı gözlemlenen hastayla şema terapiye başlandı. Maladaptif şemaları ve kullandığı şema modları ele alınan hastanın terapinin ilerleyen seanslarında kişiler arası ilişki problemleri devam etmekle birlikte, panik atağı tamamen ortadan kalktı.Yaşamsal stresörlerle kendi başına mücadele edebilmeye ve kendi kendini yatıştırabilmeye başladı. Tartışma: Kaygı, depresyon, madde kötüye kullanımı ve psikosomatik bozukluklar gibi kronik eksen 1 belirtilerinin altında erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar ve hastaların onlarla başa çıkmak için öğrendiği uyum bozucu yollar yatıyor olabilir.Hastamızın öyküsüne bakıldığında; ilkokul öncesi yaşadığı ebeveynlerle ayrılığın terk edilme ve güvensizlik şemalarının oluşumuna öncülük ettiği, büyük ebeveynlerin ve öğretmenin anne-baba yokluğunu kompanse etmek için özerkliğini zedeleyici şekilde aşırı koruyucu davranışlarının ise bağımlılık/ yetersizlik, zarar görme veya hastalanmaya karşı dayanıksızlık şemalarının çekirdeğini oluşturduğu düşünülebilir. Bu şemaların ise hastanın bazı yaşam olaylarıyla baş etmedeki güçlüğünün bir sonucu olarak, panik atağı tetiklediği söylenebilir.Şema Terapiyle hastanın Şemalarıyla ilgili farkındalığı sağlandı.Kullandığı uyum bozucu başetme yolları yerine daha işlevsel başa çıkma yöntemleri öğretilen hasta medikal tedaviye rağmen tam olarak kurtulamadığını ifade ettiği panik atağı belirtileri ortadan kalktı. Hastamızla halen devam etmekte olan şema terapi süreci,aslında eksen II bozukluklar için geliştirilmiş bir terapi yöntemi olan şema terapinin eksen I bozukluklarında da etkili olabileceğine dair iyi bir örnektir.
Evaluation of Relationship Between Schemas and Panic Disorder Throught a Case Treated With Schema Therapy
Introduction: Schema therapy (ST) is a form psychoterapy combining existential, cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic and object relation techniques that was developed by Jeffrey Young for personality disorders and severe behavioral pathology which are resistant to other therapy techniques . Altough the technique was originally developed for axis II disorders, in recent years there are studies proving it also being effective in axis I disorders. In this paper we report the schema formulation of a female patient who had an axis I panic disorder with B class personality and chronic life problems. Case: 36 years old female patient with collage degree. She was introduced to the clinic with severe panic attack symptoms which had been effecting her functionality. We started schematherapy for the patient as she had no improvement on her panic disorder symptoms with medical treatment due to her maladaptive schemas and schema modes thet she had used frequently. Her panic attack symptoms dissappeared during the advanced sessions of the treatment as her maladaptive schemas and the schema modes she had been using were emphasized during schema therapy, even though her personal interaction problems continued to exist. She started to deal with life stressors and was able to pacify herself. Discussion: Early maladaptive schemas and inadaptive ways of behaviors that has been developed by patients to handle these schemas may underly the axis I disorder symptoms such as anxiety, depression, drug abuse and psychosomatic disorders. As we look have a look at our patient, it can be said that her seperation with parents before elementary school may have led to her schemas of desertion and distrust and also teacher being over guarding at the levels of harming sovereignty to compensate the absence of the parents forms the basis of schemas of dependence / incompatence, being harmed and weakness against ilnesses. These schemas may be the reason of the patient's inability to handle certain life problems that may be triggering her panic attack symptoms. Schema therapy led to awareness of the patient about her schemas. Patient who had been thought of more functional ways coping instead of inadaptive ways was free of her panic attack symptoms which were resistant to medical treatment. The schema therapy proceess that has been going on with our patient is a good example for schema therapy that was originally developed for treatment for axis II disorders may also be effective for axis 1 disorders.

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