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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 51; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2014;51(2):141-147
Nöro-Behçet Hastalarının Serumlarında Beyin Dokusu ve Beyin Damarlarına Karşı Otoantikor Varlığı
Aİ Çolpak, U Kalyoncu, YG Özdemir
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Giriş: Behçet Hastalığı çoklu sistem tutulumu ile giden, etiyolojisi ve fizyopatolojisi bilinmeyen, kronik, inflamatuar bir hastalıktır. Hastalığın tanısının klinik bulgulara dayanan kriterlere göre konulması ve özellikle diğer bulguların eşlik etmediği, nörolojik tutulumla başlayan hastalarda tanının belirlenmesindeki güçlükler, özgül bir laboratuvar testinin eksikliğine dikkati çekmektedir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, immün sistem bozukluğuna bağlı geliştiği düşünülen durumlarda uygulanan, indirekt immünfloresan boyama tekniği kullanarak, SSS tutulumu olan Behçet hastalarının serumlarında, SSS’ye karşı otoantikor varlığı araştırılmıştır. Önce hasta ve kontrol serumları, özgül olmayan boyanmayı önleyebilmek için kobay karaciğeri ile preabsorbsiyona tabi tutulmuşlardır. Takiben fare beyin dokusu ile inkübe edilerek, floresan (FITC) ile konjuge, insan IgG’sine karşı keçide hazırlanmış IgG ile işaretlenmiştir. Beyin kesitleri floresan mikroskop ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: On nöro-Behçet hastası ve 10 yaş uyumlu kontrol bireyin serumları immünreaktivite açısından incelenmiştir. Hasta serumları ile fare beyin dokusunun inkübasyonu sonucunda hem parankimal hem de vasküler yapılara karşı özgül immünreaktivite tespit edilmiştir. 10 hastanın 8’inde parankimal vasküler boyanma varken, kontrollerin sadece 2 tanesinde hastalarla karşılaştırıldığında çok belirgin olmayan immünreaktivite görüldü (p=0,025). Vasküler immünreaktiviteye ek olarak, 10 hastanın 5’inde filamentöz ve retiküler yapılarda immünreaktivite gözlenirken, kontrollerin serumlarıyla yapılan inkübasyonlarda, hiçbirinde benzer bir boyanma saptanmamıştır (p=0,016). Sonuç: SSS tutulumu olan Behçet hastalarının serumlarında, hem parankimal hem de vasküler yapılara karşı özgül immünreaktivite tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, Behçet hastalığı SSS patogenezinde hümoral otoimmünitenin rolü olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Daha çok sayıda hasta ve kontrolün dahil edileceği bir çalışma ile, bu ön çalışmada tespit edilen bulguların, bir sebep mi yoksa sonuç mu olduğu araştırılacaktır. Bu tespit edilen özgün immünoreaktivitenin ne tür bir epitopa ait olduğu incelenerek, Behçet Hastalığının SSS tutulumu için klinikte kullanılabilecek bir laboratuvar yöntemi geliştirilmeye çalışılacaktır
The Presence of Autoantibodies Against Vascular and Nervous Tissue in Sera From Patientswith Neuro-Behçet’s Disease
Introduction: Behçet’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology that affects multiple organ systems. Since the diagnosis of this disease mainly relies on clinical criteria, a diagnostic laboratory test is required especially for neuro-Behçet’s patients without systemic involvement. Method: In this study, we searched for the presence of autoantibodies against brain tissue, by means of indirect immunofluorescent staining technique in sera obtained from patients with neuro-Behçet’s disease, based on reports that humoral immune dysregulation may play a role in susceptibility to Behçet’s disease. After pre-absorbtion of sera with guinea pig liver powder to reduce nonspecific staining, serum samples were applied to mouse brain sections and immunoreactivity was detected with fluorescein (FITC)-conjugated goat antibody against human IgG. Results: Ten sera from neuro-Behçet’s patients and 10 age-matched control sera were screened for immunoreactivity. We detected specific immunoreactivity to both parenchymal and vascular brain structures in the patients’ sera. Parenchymal vessel immunopositivity was detected in 8 of 10 patients, whereas only two of control sera showed no significant parenchymal vascular immunoreactivity (p=0.025). In addition to vascular immunoreactivity, filamentous and reticular immunopositive structures were detected in brain sections of 5 out of 10 patients. No such immunoreactivity was detected in sections incubated with control sera (p=0.016). Conclusion: We detected a specific immunoreactivity against vascular and parenchymal filamentous structures in neuro-Behçet patients’ sera. Humoral autoimmunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of neuro-Behçet’s disease in addition to cellular immune response. Findings of this preliminary study will be evaluated with a large number of patients and controls, to determine whether it is the cause or the result and, further studies are underway to disclose the nature of epitope to which the immunoreactivity was directed against and to develop a diagnostic laboratory method for investigating central nervous system involvement in Behçet’s patients.

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