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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 50; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2013;50(4):360-363
Erken Evre Alzheimer Hastalığında İzlenen Ak Madde Hiperintensitelerinin Depresif Semptomlar ve Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri ile İlişkisi
B Bilgiç, A Bayram, H A Hanağası, A Tümaç, P Uysal, G Şentürk, H Alpsan, E Lohmann, H Gürvit, M Emre
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Giriş: Serebral ak madde hiperintensiteleri (AMH), Alzheimer hastalığı (AH) ve depresyon hastalarında sık olarak izlenen manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) bulgularındandır ve selim lezyonlar olmadıkları gibi kognisyon ve duygudurum ile de ilişkili oldukları anlaşılmıştır. AH’de en sık izlenen mood bozukluğu olan depresyon ve depresif semptomlar, AH seyrinin tüm evrelerinde izlenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı erken evre AH (Klinik Demans Evreleme [CDR] skoru 0.5 ve 1 olanlar) hastalarında izlenen AMH’lerin depresif semptomlar, kognitif durum, medyal temporal atrofi ve günlük yaşam aktiviteleriyle bağlantısının araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: Çok erken ve erken evrede olan 45 AH hastası çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Tüm hastalara ak madde değerlendirmesi yapmak ve medyal temporal atrofiyi incelemek için beyin MRG incelemesi yapılmış, depresif semptomları değerlendirmek için Geriyatrik Depresyon Ölçeği (GDS), kognitif durumu belirlemek için Addenbrook Kognitif Değerlendirme ölçeğinin revize edilmiş formu (ACE-r) uygulanmıştır. Hastalar GDS’de 11 puanı sınır değer alınarak dikotomize edilip gruplandırılmıştır. Günlük yaşam aktivitelerini değerlendirmek için ise CDR ölçeği kutu toplamları skorları (CDR-kts) hesaplanmıştır. Ak madde hiperintensitelerini değerlendirmek için MRG T2-FLAIR görüntüleri incelenmiş ve ak maddeyi bölgesel olarak (frontal, parietooksipital, temporal, infratentorial ve bazal ganglia) değerlendiren Yaşla İlintili Ak Madde Değişiklikleri Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılarak skorlanmıştır. Medyal temporal lob atrofisi ise yüksek çözünürlüklü T1 kesitler incelenerek görsel değerlendirme ölçeği aracılığı ile skorlanmıştır. Bulgular: GDS skorları yüksek olan grupta frontal AMH skorları anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunurken (p=0,006) diğer bölgelerde bu anlamlılık saptanmamıştır. Gruplar arasında ACE-r, CDR-kts ve medyal temporal lob atrofi skorları açısından farklılık saptanmamıştır. Tüm hastalar birlikte ele alındığında CDR-kts skorları ile frontal AMH skorları anlamlı korelasyon göstermiştir (sol frontal AMH r=0,439, p=0,003, sağ frontal AMH r =0,459, p=0,001). Lineer regresyon analiz modelleri de depresif semptomlar üzerine yaş, işlevsellik kaybı ve medyal temporal atrofi arasında sadece frontal AMH’lerin etkide bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç: Bulgularımız özellikle frontal yerleşimli AMH’lerin depresif semptomların şiddeti ve işlevsellik ile ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir
The Relationship of White Matter Hyperintensities with Depressive Symptoms and Daily Living Activities in Early-Stage Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Introduction: Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) detected on magnetic resonance imaging scans are frequently seen in both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and depression patients and believed to play an important role in cognition and mood. Depressive symptoms and depression may accompany AD in all stages of the disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship of regional WMHs with depressive symptoms, cognitive status, medial temporal lobe atrophy, and daily living activities in early-stage AD patients. Methods: Forty-five patients with very mild or mild AD were examined. All subjects underwent MRI and were assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) for the evaluation of depressive symptom severity and cognitive status, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups based on the selected cut-off point in the GDS. CDR sum of the boxes (CDR-sb) scores were calculated as a measure of activities of daily living (ADLs). MRI T2-FLAIR slices were used to rate the white-matter lesions according to the Age-Related White Matter Changes Rating Scale, assessing the WMHs in frontal, parietooccipital, temporal, infratentorial and basal ganglia areas individually. Medial temporal lobe atrophy was assessed with high-resolution T1 images using visual rating scale. Results: In the depressive group, frontal WMH scores were found to be higher than in the non-depressive group (p=0.006). ACE-r, CDR-sb and medial temporal lobe atrophy scores did not differ among the groups. CDR-sb scores showed a significant correlation with frontal WMH scores (left frontal WMH r=0.439, p=0.003, right frontal AMH r=0.459, p=0.001). Linear regression models revealed the effect of WMHs on depressive symptoms among the other factors including age, functionality and atrophy in the medial temporal areas. Discussion: Our findings underscore the potential role of regional, particularly frontal AMHs in depressive symptoms and functionality of the early AD patients.

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