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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2004;7(3):167-175
Ne Zaman Travmatik Yas Tanısı Konur? Ne Zaman Tedavi Başlar?
U Sezgin, Ş Yüksel, Z Topçu, AG Dişcigil
İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
Bu çalışmanın amacı, birinci derecede bir yakının, ani ve travmatik bir biçimde ölümünün ardından farklı ruhsal bozukluklarla psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran kişilerin yakınlarının ölüm biçimleri, başvuru nedenleri, tanıları, tedavi ve takipleri açısından incelenmesidir.

Başvuranlarla yapılan klinik görüşmelerde sosyodemografik özellikler, yakın kaybının biçimi, kayıp ardından gelişen ruhsal bozukluklar ve tanıları değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirmede vakaların kendi doldurdukları Olayın Etkilerini Değerlendirme Ölçeği - Yeniden Gözden Geçirilmiş Biçimi ve Travma Sonrası Stres Tanı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.

Bu olgu serisine 14'ü, kadın 16 kişi alınmıştır. Katılan kişilerin yaş ortalaması 34.31±12 (17-57) ve kayıp ile başvuru arasında geçen zaman 1-36 ay arasında değişmekteydi. Kayıplar travmatik ve beklenmeyen ölümler şeklindeydi. Başvuranlar en sık Travmatik Yas (n=14), Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (n=10) ve Major Depresif Bozukluk (n=8) tanılarını almaktaydı.

Bir tedavinin seçilmesi için önce sorunun tanımlanması gerekmektedir. Kayıp sonrasında, farklı ruhsal hastalıklar için risk vardır. Kayıp sonrasında Travmatik Yas, Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu, Major Depresyon, Panik Bozukluğu, Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu gibi farklı ruhsal bozukluklar gelişebildiğine dikkat çekilmiştir. Sayılan bu bozukluklar, kaybın hemen ardından olabildiği gibi gecikmiş olarak da çıkabilmektedir.

Sonuç olarak kayıptan sonra ortaya çıkacak olan yas normal ve doğal bir tepkidir. Kaybın beklenmedik ve dehşet uyandırıcı olması ile bu doğal sürecin bozulması, travmatik yasa neden olabilir. Buradaki travmatik etki bedensel ve ruhsal hastalıkların oluşması için bir risktir. Bu olgu serisi, ani, şiddet içeren ve kayıpların ardından destek gereksiniminin önemine işaret etmektedir.




When is Traumatic Grief Diagnosed? When Should the Treatment Begin?
The objective of this case study is to investigate the out-patient population of a psychiatric clinic who have applied because of different psychological problems following a sudden and traumatic death of a first degree relative. This study considers causes of death, application complaints, diagnosis, treatments and follow-up.

Demographic characteristics, causes of death, psychological problems arising following the loss and the diagnoses were assessed, during the clinical interviews with the applicants. In this assessment, The Impact of Event Scale - Revised and The Post-Traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), which are self- rated, have been used.

This case study included 14 female and 2 male out-patients. The mean age of the applicants was 34.31±12 (17-57) and the duration between losses and applications to seek help ranged from 1 to 36 [month]s. The reported losses were traumatic and sudden deaths. The most frequent diagnosies were Traumatic Grief (n=14), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (n=10) and Major Depressive Disorder (n=8).

In order to choose the treatment approach, the problem needs to be identified first. There are risks for development of different psychological disorders following losses. Several psychological disorders such as Traumatic Grief, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Panic Disorder and Generalised Anxiety Disorder may develop following significant loss. These problems may arise immediately following the loss as well as after some delay. The grief due to the loss is a normal and natural reaction. The disturbance of this natural course due to sudden and terrific loss may cause traumatic grief. This traumatic impact is a risk for development of physical and psychological disorders. This study indicates the possible need for support following traumatic and sudden losses.

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