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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2004;7(3):153-160
Major Depresyon Tanısı Alan Hastalarda Somatik Belirtilerin Yoğunluğunun İntihar Düşüncesi, Davranışı ve Niyetine Etkisi
O Pazvantoğlu, T Okay, N Dilbaz, C Şengül, G Bayam
Ankara Numune Eğitm ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara
Amaç: Major Depresif Bozukluk tüm dünyada yaygın olarak görülen ve intihara sebep olabilen bir ruhsal hastalıktır. Somatik semptomlar kültüre ve ülkenin sosyoekonomik durumuna da bağlı olarak bir çok psikiyatrik hastalıkta görülebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, major depresyon tanısı alan hastalarda somatik şikayetlerin yoğunluğunun saptanması ve bu belirtilerin hastalarda intihar riskini nasıl etkilediğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya, kliniğimize ayaktan başvuran ve DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre Major Depresif Bozukluk tanısı alan 30 hasta alınmıştır. Hastalar son bir aydır psikotrop ilaç kullanmamışlardır. Çalışmaya kendi onayları ile kabul edilmişlerdir. Hastalara Hamilton Depresyon Ölçeği (HDÖ-17), İntihar Düşüncesi Ölçeği, İntihar Davranışı Ölçeği, İntihar Niyeti Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Olgular HDÖ'nün somatik belirtileri yordayan sorusuna verdikleri cevaba göre iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Her iki grup, düşüncesi ve davranışı açısından karşılaştırılmış, somatik belirtileri daha fazla olan hastaların, intihar davranışı ölçeğinde, somatik belirtilerinin şiddeti daha az olan gruba göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde (p=0.05) daha yüksek toplam değerler aldıkları görülmüştür. Her iki grup arasında intihar düşüncesi açısından fark bulunmamıştır (p=0.5). İntihar girişimi olan hastalar ayrıca intihar niyeti ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmadan çıkan sonuçlar somatik belirtiler ile intihar davranışı arasında güçlü bir ilişki olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu sonuç, özellikle psikiyatri dışı kliniklerce, bedensel ağırlıklı şikayetlerle başvuran hastaların depresyon açısından ve somatik belirtileri yoğun olan major depresyon hastalarının intihar riski açısından dikkatle ele alınmasının gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
The Effects of Somatic Symptoms on Suicidal Ideation, Behaviour and Intent in the Patients
Objective: Major depressive disorder is a common psychiatric disorder which can cause suicide. Somatic symptoms may be seen in many psychiatric disorders depending on culture and socioeconomic status of the country. This study aimed to determine the severity of somatic symptoms and their association with suicide risk in patients who had been diagnosed as major depressive disorder. Method: The study involved 30 patients who were admitted to mood disorder outpatient unit of our clinic and diagnosed as major depressive disorder based on DSM-IV criteria. The patients were psychotrophic-medication naive for the one last [month]. They enrolled into the study with their consent. The patients were assessed with Hamilton Depression Scale, scale of suicidal ideation, suicide intention scale and suicidal behaviour scale. The patients were divided into two groups according to Hamilton Depression scale scores to evaluate severity of somatic symptoms. The groups were compared for suicidal ideation, suicidal intention and suicidal behaviour mean scores. Result: The patients with more severe somatic symptoms had significantly higher scores (p=0.05) in suicidal behaviour scales compared to the other patients with less severe somatic symptoms. There were no significant differance between the groups according to suicide idention scale (p=0.5). The patients who attempted suicide assessed with suicidal intension scales. Conclusion: The results are suggestive of a strong association between somatic symptoms and suicidal behaviour. The results also indicate that in patients applying with physical complaints to the departments other than psychiatry clinics should be well-evaluated for suicidal risks.

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