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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 25; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2014;25(3):171-180
İlköğretim Öğrencilerinde Anksiyete ve Duygudurum Bozuklukları Yaygınlığı ve Sosyodemografik Özellikler
Ö Bilaç, ES Ercan, T Uysal, C Aydin
Manisa Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hastanesi, Manisa
Amaç: Çocukluk döneminde başlayan psikiyatrik bozukluklar, büyüdükçe çocukta daha fazla işlev kaybına ve erişkin dönemde devam eden yıkımlara neden olabilmektedir. Çocuk ve ergenlerde psikiyatrik hastalıkların yaygınlığının ve hastalıklarla ilişkili risk faktörlerinin araştırıldığı az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Türkiye’de iyi belirlenmiş ve yeterli sayıdaki bir ilkokul örneklemiyle duygudurum bozuklukları (DDB) ve anksiyete bozukluklarının (AB) yaygınlığının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: İzmir İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü tarafından resmi sınıflamaya göre alt/orta/üst sosyoekonomik gruba göre belirlenen 12 okuldan, %5 hata payıyla, alfa (t) %1 olarak belirlenen 419 olgu rastgele örneklem alınması yöntemiyle seçildi. Araştırmada yer alan olgular 6-14 yaş aralığındaydı. 417 olguya ulaşıldı, yanıt oranı %99,5 olarak saptandı. 417 olgu yarı yapılandırılmış tanı görüşmesi olan Okul Çağı Çocukları için Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi-Şimdi ve Yaşam Boyu Versiyonu (CDŞG-ŞY), Çocuklarda Davranışı Değerlendirme Ölçeği (ÇDDÖ) ve Öğretmen Bilgi Formu (ÖBF) ölçekleri, bozulma ölçütü (impairment) kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Bozulma ölçütü göz önüne alınmadan yani sadece klinik görüşme ile DDB ve AB yaygınlığı sırasıyla %2,9, %13,9 olarak saptandı. Bozulma ölçütü dikkate alındığında ise DDB ve AB yaygınlığı sırasıyla %1,4 ve %2,6 olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda bulunan İzmir örneklemindeki DDB ve AB’nin yaygınlıkları batılı ülkelerde yapılmış olan çalışmalara oldukça benzer bulundu. Yazınla uyumlu olarak bozulma ölçütü dahil edildiğinde hastalık yaygınlığının belirgin olarak azaldığı saptandı.
Prevalence of Anxiety and Mood Disorders and Demographic Characteristics of Elementary School Students
Objective: Childhood psychiatric disorders can prevent individuals from reaching their full potential, and disrupt normal development. Empirical data on the prevalence and incidence of childhood psychiatric disorders are fundamental to understanding the etiology and natural history of such disorders. There have been fewer epidemiologic investigations aimed at estimating the prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, as compared to adults. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mood disorders (MDs) and anxiety disorders (ADs) in a representative sample of elementary school children from Turkey, providing prevalence rates that were previously unavailable. Materials and Methods: In all, 12 schools were randomly selected and stratified according to socioeconomic status by the Izmir Directorate of National Education. The sample consisted of 419 randomly selected elementary school students, with a 5% margin of error and alpha (t) of 1%. The study included children aged 6-14 years. In total, 417 students were interviewed (total response rate of 99.5%). The 417 students were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), Child Behavior Check List (CBCL), Teacher Report Form (TRF), and Impairment Criterion Scale (ICS). Results: The prevalence of MDs and ADs without considering impairment was 2.9% and 13.9%, respectively, versus 1.4% and 2.6% with considering impairment, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of MDs and ADs in the present study’s sample are similar to those reported from the Western studies. With the inclusion of diagnosis-specific impairment criteria the rates reduced slightly, as previously reported.

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